Inyigisho ku buryo bwo gusimbuza amarido y'ibitaro inshuro nyinshi

amarido y'ibitaro bigira uruhare runini mu kubungabunga isuku mu bigo nderabuzima. Gukoresha amarido akoreshwa rimwe gusa, nkaumwenda ukoreshwa mu gushyiramo amahitamo, arimo ararushaho gukundwa mu kwirinda kwandura no kurinda umutekano w'abarwayi. Gusimbuza ibi buri gihe amarido yo mu bwoko bwa cubicle akoreshwa mu gusanani ngombwa, hamwe n'uburyo bwo gukoresha Ikarito y'inyumas ku bitaro bigomba guhindurwa kenshi. Inshuro zo gusimbuza ibitaro ziratandukanye cyane mu bitaro bitandukanye; urugero, ibyumba bisanzwe by'abarwayi bishobora gusabaamarido yo kwihisha akoreshwa mu buryo bworoshye guhindurwa buri mezi atatu, mu gihe ibitaro byita ku barembye akenshi bisaba impinduka nyinshi.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Hindura amarido y'ibitaro buri mezi atatu cyangwa atatu ahantu hasanzwe kugira ngo ukomeze kugira isuku no kwirinda kwandura.
• Mu bice bifite ibyago byinshi nko mu cyumba cy’indembe, simbura amarido buri byumweru bibiri cyangwa bine cyangwa ako kanya umurwayi amaze kuva mu bitaro kugira ngo wongere umutekano w’umurwayi.
• Koresha imyenda ikoreshwa rimwe kugira ngo ubone isuku ihagije, bigatuma ikoreshwa vuba kandi ugabanye ibyago byo kwandura indwara ziterwa n'ubuvuzi.

Inshuro zisabwa zo gusimbuza amarido y'ibitaro

Amabwiriza Rusange

Gukomeza isuku y'amarido yo mu bitaro ni ingenzi mu kurwanya ubwandu. Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC) gisaba guhindura amarido yo mu bitaro byibuze rimwe mu kwezi. Ariko, hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora gusaba ko ahindurwa kenshi. Dore amwe mu mabwiriza rusange yo gusimbuza amarido yo mu bitaro:

• Gusimbuza buri kwezi: Ku bice bisanzwe byita ku barwayi, amarido agomba gusimburwa buri mezi atatu cyangwa rimwe.
• Gusimbuza ako kanya: Iyo amarido agaragaye ko yanduye, yanduye cyangwa yangiritse, agomba gusimbuzwa ako kanya.
• Guhura n'ibintu bihumanya: Amashuka ahura n'amaraso, amazi cyangwa ibikoresho byandura agomba gusimburwa vuba kugira ngo hirindwe ikwirakwira ry'indwara.

Gukaraba buri gihe no gusimbuza imyenda y’ibitaro bigabanya cyane ibyago byo kwandura indwara ziterwa n’ubuvuzi (HAIs). Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abarwayi bagera kuri 1 kuri 25 bo mu bitaro bandura HAI buri mwaka, akenshi bitewe n’ahantu handuye, harimo n’imyenda y’ibitaro. Kubwibyo, gukurikiza gahunda ikomeye yo kuyisimbura ni ingenzi kugira ngo ibidukikije bibungabungwe neza.

Uturere dufite ibyago byinshi

Ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa n’indwara nyinshi, nko mu byumba byita ku barwayi barembye cyane (ICU) n’ibyumba byo kwishyira mu kato, bisaba ko amategeko yo gusimbuza akurikizwa cyane. CDC igira inama ko amarido muri utwo duce agomba gusukurwa no gusukurwa buri gihe, bitewe n’ingaruka z’ubwandu. Dore ingingo z’ingenzi zijyanye n’ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa n’indwara nyinshi:

• Ubwinshi bw'inshuro: Amarido yo mu cyumba cy’indembe (ICU) agomba gusimburwa buri byumweru bibiri kugeza kuri bine cyangwa ako kanya umurwayi amaze kuva mu bitaro.
• Isuku ya buri munsi cyangwa buri cyumweru: Hari ubwo, isuku ya buri munsi cyangwa buri cyumweru ishobora kuba ngombwa, cyane cyane iyo hari ibyago byinshi byo kwandura.
• Ubutaka bugaragara: Amarido agomba gusukurwa iyo yanduye cyane cyangwa nyuma yo kumena amaraso cyangwa amazi yo mu mubiri.

Gukenera gusimbuza kenshi ahantu hashobora kwanduzanya indwara biterwa n’uko hari amahirwe menshi yo kwanduzanya indwara. Amashuka yo mu bitaro ashobora kuba afite bagiteri, zishobora gutera indwara ya HAI iyo zidafashwe neza. Kubwibyo, gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda ihamye yo gusimbuza ni ingenzi mu kurinda abarwayi batishoboye no kugenzura isuku y’ibitaro muri rusange.

Mu gukurikiza aya mabwiriza, ibitaro bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kwandura no kongera umutekano w'abarwayi.

Ibintu Bigira Ingaruka ku Gusimbuza Amarido y'Ibitaro

Ubwoko bw'amarido

Ubwoko bw'amarido akoreshwa mu bitaro bugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo asimburana. Ibikoresho bitandukanye byo kurirido bitanga urwego rutandukanye rwo kudahumana n'ubwandu. Urugero, amarido arwanya udukoko avurwa n'udupfundikizo tubuza gukura kwa bagiteri n'ibihumyo. Iki kintu cyongera uburyo bwo kurwanya ubwandu kandi kikagabanya ibyago byo kwandura. Ibikoresho biramba, nk'imyenda ikomeye, birwanya kwangirika no guhangayika mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, bitanga ubushobozi bwo kuramba no kwihanganira gusukurwa kenshi. Sisitemu zikoreshwa mu isuku zituma habaho gusimburwa vuba hagati yo kubagwa, bikongera ububobere mu byumba byo kubaga. Imyenda yo mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi, ifite ubudozi bukomeye n'uburinzi bwemewe bw'imiti irwanya udukoko, itanga uburyo bwo kuzigama igihe kirekire kandi ikongera iyubahirizwa ry'amahame yo kurwanya ubwandu.

Urwego rw'ubwandu

Igipimo cy’ubwandu mu bitaro nacyo gigena inshuro imyenda igomba gusimburwa. Amashuka agomba gusimburwa ako kanya iyo agaragaje ibizinga bigaragara, yacitse, cyangwa yahuye n’amazi yo mu mubiri. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko hafi 90% by’amashuka asa n’aho yanduye afite bagiteri zangiza, byongera cyane ibyago byo kwandura indwara ziterwa n’ubuvuzi. Mu bice by’ingorabahizi nko mu byumba byita ku barwayi barembye (ICU) n’ibyumba byita ku barwayi ba kanseri, ibitaro bikunze gusimbuza amashuka buri gihembwe, ibi bikaba bifitanye isano no kugabanuka kwa 22% mu kwandura. Ibigo byongera igihe cyo gusimbuza amashuka nyuma y’amezi 12 bihura n’ubwiyongere bwa 40% mu byanduza ubuso. CDC igira inama ko amashuka agomba gusukurwa no gusukurwa iyo yanduye cyangwa nyuma yo kumena amaraso cyangwa amazi yo mu mubiri.

• Gahunda yo gusimbuza umurwayi igomba guhuza n'ingendo ze aho guhuza n'igihe cyagenwe, cyane cyane mu byumba byo kwa muganga no mu byumba by'ubushyuhe.
• Ibitaro bisimbura amarido buri byumweru bibiri mu byumba by’ubuvuzi bitwitswe byagaragaje ko ubwandu buterwa n’ubuvuzi bwagabanutseho hafi 60% ugereranyije n’ibitegereza ukwezi.

Mu gusobanukirwa ubwoko bw'amarido n'urwego rw'umwanda, ibigo nderabuzima bishobora gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zinoze zo gusimbuza umurwayi zikongera umutekano we.

Amabwiriza y'Ikigo gishinzwe ubuzima ku bijyanye n'amarido y'ibitaro

Inama za CDC ku birebana n'ibizamini

Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC) gitanga amabwiriza y'ingenzi yo kubungabunga no gusimbuza amarido y'ibitaro. Izi nama zigamije kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura indwara ziterwa n'ubuvuzi (HAIs) zifitanye isano n'ahantu handuye. Ingingo z'ingenzi za CDC zirimo:

• Gusimbuza bisanzwe: CDC igira inama ko ibitaro bisimbura amarido mu bice bisanzwe by’abarwayi buri mezi atatu cyangwa rimwe. Mu bice bifite ibyago byinshi, nko mu byumba byita ku barwayi barembye cyane (ICU) no mu byumba by’ubutabazi bw’ibanze, inshuro zisabwa ziyongera kugeza buri byumweru bibiri kugeza kuri bine cyangwa ako kanya umurwayi amaze kuva mu bitaro.
• Ingamba zihuse zo kurwanya ubwandu: Iyo imyenda igaragaye ko yanduye cyangwa igakora ku maraso cyangwa ku mazi yo mu mubiri, CDC isaba ko yasimburwa vuba. Iki gikorwa ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hirindwe ikwirakwira ry'udukoko.
• Guhuza n'izindi ngamba zo kurwanya ubwandu: CDC ishimangira ko gusimbuza umwenda bigomba kuzuza izindi nzira zo kurwanya ubwandu, nko gusukura intoki no kwica udukoko ku buso. Ubu buryo buhuriweho butuma umurwayi ahora afite umutekano muri rusange.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko imyenda y’ibitaro ishobora kuba irimo bagiteri zangiza, harimo MRSA na COVID-19. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko 31% by’imitako y’ibitaro yagaragaye ko yanduye MRSA, bigaragaza ko ari ngombwa gukurikiza gahunda zo kuyisimbura. Ndetse na nyuma yo kumesa imyenda, imyenda ishobora kwandura mu cyumweru kimwe, bigatera ibyago byo kwandura indwara. Kubwibyo, ibitaro bigomba gushyira imbere isuku y’imitako nk'igice cy’amabwiriza yabyo yo kurwanya ubwandu.

Politiki z'inzego

Uretse amabwiriza ya CDC, ibitaro bya buri bitaro bikunze gushyiraho politiki zabyo zijyanye no gusimbuza amarido. Izi politiki akenshi zigaragaza ibyo abarwayi bakeneye n'ibyago bidasanzwe. Ibikorwa bisanzwe birimo:

• Gahunda zo gusimbuza zihariye: Ibitaro bishobora gushyiraho gahunda zihariye zishingiye ku ngaruka z’ishami n’imibare y’abarwayi. Urugero, ahantu hashobora kubaho ibyago byinshi nko mu cyumba cy’indembe n’ibyumba byo kwiherera bisaba impinduka nyinshi z’amarido ugereranyije n’ahantu hasanzwe ho ku barwayi.
• Uburyo bwiza bwo kwita ku bitaro bikuruIbitaro byinshi byigisha uburyo bwiza bwo gusimbuza amarido. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira igaragaza inshuro zisabwa gusimbuza amarido mu bigo bitandukanye by’ubuvuzi:

• Ibande ku madirishya ashobora gukoreshwa: Ibigo byinshi birimo kwerekeza ku mashuka yo mu bitaro akoreshwa rimwe, atanga isuku ihanitse ugereranije n'amashuka gakondo. Aya mashuka ashobora gusimburwa buri mezi atatu kugeza kuri atandatu, bihuye n'ingamba zo kurwanya ubwandu kandi bigatanga umusanzu mu kuzigama amafaranga.

Mu gukurikiza inama za CDC no gushyiraho politiki zihamye z’ibigo, ibitaro bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kwandura indwara ziterwa n’amarido y’ibitaro. Ubu buryo bwo kwirinda indwara ntibwongera gusa umutekano w’abarwayi ahubwo bunateza imbere umuco w’isuku no kwita ku nshingano mu nzego z’ubuvuzi.

Gusimbuza buri gihe amarido y'ibitaro ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho kurwanya ubwandu neza. Gukurikiza amabwiriza yashyizweho bifitanye isano itaziguye no kunoza umusaruro wo kwirinda ubwandu. Ibitaro bihugura abakozi ku bijyanye no kubungabunga no gusimbuza neza byongera iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko no kumenya. Ubu buryo bwo gukora ibishoboka byose bugira uruhare runini mu mutekano w'abarwayi n'isuku muri rusange mu nzego z'ubuvuzi.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Amarido y'ibitaro agomba gusimbuzwa kangahe?

Amarido y'ibitaro agomba gusimburwa buri mezi rimwe kugeza kuri atatu mu bice bisanzwe, na buri byumweru bibiri kugeza kuri bine mu bice bifite ibyago byinshi.

Ni ibihe bintu bigira ingaruka ku nshuro yo gusimbuza umwenda?

Ibintu birimo ubwoko bw'igitambaro, urwego rw'ubwandu, na politiki yihariye y'ibitaro ijyanye n'ibyo umurwayi akeneye hamwe n'ingamba zo kurwanya ubwandu.

Ese amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha arushaho kugira isuku?

Yego, amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha atuma umuntu ahora asukurwa cyane kuko ashobora gusimburwa kenshi, bigabanya ibyago byo kwandura no kwandura indwara ziterwa n’ubuvuzi.

Ikirego

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