Amadirishya yo mu bitaro ashobora gukoreshwa: Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyiraho

Intangiriro

Mu myanya y'ubuvuzi, Amadirishya y'ubuzima bwite Bikorwaho kenshi, byimurwa kenshi, kandi bishyirwa hafi y'abarwayi, bigatuma gushyiraho ibikoresho birushaho kuba akazi ko kubungabunga gusa. Amarido yo mu bitaro ashobora gufasha mu kwihutisha ihindagurika ry'ibyumba no kugenzura ubwandu mu buryo busobanutse, ariko gusa iyo ibikoresho bikwiye, sisitemu zo gukurikirana, kwandikaho, no gusimbuza imikorere byateguwe mbere. Iyi nkuru igaragaza ibyemezo bifatika amatsinda y'ibigo agomba gufata mbere yo gushyiraho ibikoresho, kuva ku kwemeza ko umutekano w'inkongi y'umuriro ukurikizwa n'ingano y'amarido kugeza ku kugabanya amakosa yo gukoresha mu gihe cyo guhinduranya abarwayi. Isobanura kandi uburyo amahitamo yo gushyiraho ibikoresho agira ingaruka ku buzima bwite bw'abarwayi, imikorere myiza y'abakozi, imicungire y'imyanda, no gukora neza mu gihe kirekire mu byumba byo kwakiriramo abarwayi, mu duce tw'ubutabazi bw'ibanze, no mu byumba byo kwiherera.

Impamvu amarido y'ibitaro akoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye ahindura ingamba zo gushyiraho

Impinduka kuva ku myenda gakondo yo kumesa ikajya ku ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha bigaragaza impinduka z'ingenzi mu micungire y'ibigo. Abayobozi b'ibigo bagomba gusuzuma neza ingamba zabo zo gushyiraho ibikoresho, kuko uburyo bwo kubikoresha rimwe busaba uburyo butandukanye bwo kubikoresha, kubikurikirana no kubishyiraho ugereranije n'ubundi bwabanje. Kunoza iri hinduka bisaba gusobanukirwa neza ibipimo by'ibikoresho n'intege nke zijyanye n'ibidukikije bihindagurika.

Uburyo bwo gusobanura amarido yo mu bitaro akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha

Amarido yo kwa muganga ashobora gukoreshwa ni inzitizi z'ubuzima bwite zikoreshwa rimwe gusa zakozwe ahanini muri polypropylene idafunze. Amadirishya yo kwa muganga Ubusanzwe ifite ubucucike bw'ibikoresho buri hagati ya garama 100 na 120 kuri metero kare (GSM), ihuza uburyo bwo kutagira icyo ihindura kugira ngo umurwayi agire icyubahiro cye hamwe n'uburyo bworoshye bwo gutwara. Nubwo mu buryo bw'imitekerereze bishobora kongera gukoreshwa, imyanda yo kwa muganga hamwe n'amabwiriza akomeye yo kurwanya ubwandu akenshi bisaba ubundi buryo bwo kuyijugunya.

Uburyo bwinshi bwiza burimo imiti irwanya udukoko, nk'ikoranabuhanga rya silver ion, kugira ngo ikumire cyane kwibasira bagiteri. Icy'ingenzi mu gushyiraho, ibi bikoresho bigomba kuzuza amahame akomeye yo kwirinda inkongi, nk'uburyo bwo gupima umuriro bwa NFPA 701, bugenzura ko umwenda ugabanya ikwirakwira ry'umuriro aho gukora nk'ikintu gishobora kwihutisha umuriro. Abayobozi b'ibigo bagomba kugenzura ibyemezo by'amategeko y'inkongi y'umuriro yo mu gace batuyemo mbere yo kuyishyira mu bikorwa.

Ingaruka z'ingenzi mu kurwanya ubwandu no kurengera ubuzima bwite bw'umuntu

Inzitizi gakondo ku buzima bwite ni ahantu hazwi cyane ho kubika indwara ziterwa n’ubuvuzi (HAIs). Ubushakashatsi bwa muganga bwerekana ko indwara ziterwa n’indwara zidashobora kwihanganira indwara, harimo na Methicillin, zirwanya Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) na Clostridioides difficile Udukoko, dushobora kubaho ku myenda idasukuwe mu gihe cy'iminsi 14. Gukuraho uruziga rwo kumesa imyenda mu bucuruzi bigabanya cyane ubwo bwoko bw'udukoko twanduzanya.

Ariko, kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura ntibigomba kwangiza imikorere y'ahantu. Amabwiriza yo gushyiraho agomba kwita cyane ku bijyanye n'uburyo umwenda uhurirana neza. Imiterere isanzwe y'ubwubatsi ivuga ko gushyiraho uburyo bwo kwiherera bisaba ko ubugari buruta nibura 15% by'uburebure bw'inzira. Uku gukabya cyane bibuza icyuho cy'amaso iyo umwenda ufunze neza, bigatuma amaso agaragara neza mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi bw'umwihariko.

Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyiraho amarido yo mu bitaro ashobora gukoreshwa

Gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda itunganye yo inzitizi zo gukoresha rimwe gusa bisaba amabwiriza y’imikorere akemura ibibazo by’ibikoresho ndetse n’amabwiriza y’umutekano w’ibidukikije. Amatsinda ashinzwe gushyiraho ibikoresho agomba kuziba icyuho kiri hagati y’ibikorwa remezo by’ubwubatsi bihari n’ibijyanye n’ibikoresho bigezweho byo gukoresha mu gihe cyo gusana kugira ngo habeho koroshya ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibikoresho.

Uburyo bwo kugenzura ko inzira ihuye n'ingano y'amarido

Mbere yo gushyiraho Amadirishya y'ubuvuzi, abatekinisiye b’ibidukikije bagomba kugenzura neza inzira zo ku gisenge kugira ngo barebe ko imiterere yazo ari myiza. Uburyo bwinshi bugezweho bwo gukoresha rimwe bufite utudomo tw’ijisho cyangwa utudomo tw’ijisho twagenewe guhuza n’utudomo dusanzwe twa U na I. Ariko, intera y’utudomo—ubusanzwe ishyirwa ku ntera ya santimetero 1.8—igomba guhuza neza n’uburyo bwo gutwara ibisenge kugira ngo idafatana.

Mu mashami yihariye nko mu bijyanye n’ubuzima bw’imyitwarire, igenzura ry’uko indege zigendana n’umubiri zigomba kandi kugenzura niba indege zigendana n’amaguru zirwanya ligature zishyirwa hamwe. Izi ndege zishyirwa ku murongo kugira ngo zirekure ku rugero runaka—ibipimo ngenderwaho by’inganda bigaragaza ko ibigo bikunze gushyiraho ibiro biri hagati ya 5 na 10 bitewe na politiki y’aho zikorera—kugira ngo habeho umutekano w’abarwayi.

Intambwe zo gushyiraho mu buryo bwizewe, buhamye kandi bugenzurwa

Uburyo bwo gushyiraho ibikoresho busanzwe bugabanya amafaranga akoreshwa mu kazi kandi bugatuma amabwiriza y’igenzura ry’ibitaro yubahirizwa neza. Abatekinisiye bagomba kubanza kwambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda ku giti cyabo (PPE), harimo uturindantoki n’udupfukamunwa, kandi bakareba ko amabwiriza asanzwe yo kurinda urwego akurikizwa. Mu gihe cyo gushyira mu byumba by’abarwayi, abatekinisiye bagomba gukorana n’abakozi b’abaforomo kugira ngo bahindure ibikoresho mu gihe cy’umuvuduko muke, bigabanye ibibazo by’ubuvuzi.

Uburyo bwo gushyiraho butangirana no gukuraho uruzitiro rwabanje rudakoresha imiti ihumanya. Abashyiraho bagomba gukuramo umwenda ushaje witonze, bakawuzungurutsa imbere kugira ngo udatera indwara zishobora gutera indwara, hanyuma bagahita bawushyira mu gafuka kabigenewe kugira ngo bawujugunye neza. Hanyuma, abashyiraho bagomba kugenzura ko intera iri hagati y’ingufu n’ingufu ihuye kandi bagashyiraho amapine mashya uko bikurikirana. Gufunga buri ruzitiro neza kuva ku mpera imwe ujya ku yindi birinda gufunga inzira. Abatekinisiye bagomba kugenzura neza icyerekezo cy’umutwe w’ingufu, bagakomeza igice cy’uruzitiro hejuru kugira ngo hubahirizwe amategeko agenga inkongi. Nyuma yo gushyiraho, kugenzura neza ko amazi asukurwa hejuru ni ngombwa kugira ngo habeho ikwirakwizwa ry’amazi mu buryo butunguranye.

Icy'ingenzi ni uko gushyiraho ibikoresho bishobora kugenzurwa bisaba inyandiko zisobanutse neza. Abatekinisiye bagomba gushyira ikimenyetso cy'itariki kigaragara neza kandi kigaragara neza ku mpande zombi z'imyenda. Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'inganda bigaragaza ko hashyirwaho igihe gikomeye cyo gusimbuza—akenshi kikaba amezi 3 kugeza kuri 6 ku byumba by'ubuvuzi rusange, cyangwa ako kanya umurwayi amaze kuva mu byumba bifite ubukana bwinshi nka ICU—kugira ngo bakomeze gukora neza kw'icyo gikoresho.

Uburyo bwo kugereranya no gusimbuza amarido yo mu bitaro ashobora gukoreshwa

Amatsinda ashinzwe amasoko n'amashami ashinzwe ibidukikije agomba gusuzuma ku bufatanye ingaruka z'imikorere n'imari zo guhagarika burundu imyenda ishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Gushyiraho gahunda irambye yo gusimbuza bisaba gusesengura ikiguzi cyose cyo gutunga imyenda hamwe n'ubushobozi bw'ubuvuzi n'ubushobozi bwo kuyitanga kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ishyirwamo rigumana agaciro mu gihe runaka.

Ingingo zo kugereranya umwenda ukoreshwa mu gihe undi ukoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe

Imibare y'imari hagati y'imyenda gakondo n' Amadirishya yo mu bitaro akoreshwa rimwe gusa Birenze kure igiciro cya mbere cyo kugura. Amashuka ashobora kongera gukoreshwa atanga amafaranga ahoraho mu bikorwa, harimo akazi ko gukuraho, kumesa imyenda mu bucuruzi, gusukura imiti ikoreshwa mu bushyuhe, no kugarura ibikoresho bigoye. Ibipimo ngenderwaho mu nganda bigaragaza ko kumesa umwenda umwe gakondo bishobora gutwara $10 kugeza $15 kuri buri ruziga, bigashyirwamo amazi ashyushye cyane, imiti ikoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi, n'abakozi badasanzwe.

Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byo gukoresha mu gihe runaka ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho by’ibanze gikunze kuba hagati ya $15 na $25 ariko kikavanaho burundu amafaranga yo kumesa imyenda n’ayo gutwara. Imirimo isabwa mu guhindura ibikoresho iragabanuka cyane; agakoresho koroheje gashobora gushyirwaho mu minota mike gusa.

Ariko, iri gereranya ry'ibiciro rigomba kuba rikubiyemo ingamba zikomeye. Ibigo bigomba gushyira mu bikorwa amafaranga y'ibiciro agenzurwa n'amategeko agenga ikoreshwa ry'imyanda yangiza ibidukikije, ashobora kwishyura amafaranga yagenwe mbere yo kuzigama iyo amarido akoreshwa rimwe gusa Bijugunywa nk'imyanda yandura. Byongeye kandi, abayobozi bagomba gusuzuma ingaruka zo kwegeranya pulasitiki ikoreshwa rimwe ku bidukikije ugereranije n'amazi menshi n'ingufu zikoreshwa mu byuma by'ubucuruzi byo kumesa imyenda. Nubwo hari ubwo bufatanye, igipimo cy'inenge kijyanye n'imyenda ishobora kongera gukoreshwa—nk'imitwe ya mesh yacitse nyuma yo gukaraba inshuro nyinshi—kirakurwaho burundu hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha, bigatuma abayobozi babona ikiguzi gihamye kandi gihamye kuri buri gikorwa.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu z'amarido y'ibitaro akoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Amarido yo mu bitaro akoreshwa mu gihe cyo gukoresha akwiye kuba manini kurusha inzira?

Garagaza ubugari bw'umwenda nibura 15% ugereranyije n'uburebure bw'umurongo. Ibi bituma habaho guhuza neza, birinda icyuho cyo kureba, kandi bigakomeza ubuzima bwite bw'umurwayi iyo umwenda ufunze neza.

Ni iyihe nzira yo gushyira hasi isabwa mu gihe cyo kuyishyiraho?

Shyiramo amarido yo kwa muganga akoreshwa rimwe afite uburebure bwa santimetero 10 kugeza kuri 15. Ibi bifasha kwirinda kwanduzwa n'isuku, ibyamenetse, n'aho hasi hahurira.

Ni gute imyenda ishaje cyangwa yanduye yakurwaho?

Ambara PPE, kuraho umwenda witonze, uwuzingire imbere kugira ngo ushyiremo ibintu byanduye, hanyuma uwushyire mu gikapu cyabigenewe cya biohazard cyangwa mu gikapu cy'imyanda.

Ni iki kigomba gusuzumwa mbere yo gushyira amarido ku nzira isanzwe?

Emeza ubwoko bw'inzira, imiterere y'aho uyitwara, intera iri hagati y'aho uyishyira cyangwa aho uyishyira, hamwe n'uburyo uyigendamo neza. Amarido menshi ahura n'inzira zisanzwe za U-tracks cyangwa I-tracks, ariko kudahuza neza bishobora gutuma uhambira.

Kuki umutwe w'urushundura ugomba kuguma hejuru?

Umutwe w'icyuma ushyigikira amazi atembera mu cyuma gisuka amazi n'amategeko agenga umuriro. Shyira hejuru hanyuma urebe neza ko cyuma gisuka amazi hejuru nyuma yo gushyirwaho umwenda.