Amashuka yo mu bitaro ashobora gukoreshwa cyangwa ashobora kongera gukoreshwa: Ikiguzi n'ingaruka zo kwandura

Ibitaro Amadirishya y'ubuzima bwite Bikorwaho kenshi, bigasukurwa mu buryo budasubirwaho, kandi bigashyirwa hafi y’abarwayi batishoboye—bigatuma biba ngombwa ko bafata ibikoresho byoroshye. Ku bayobozi, amatsinda yo kwirinda kwandura, n’abashinzwe gutanga amasoko, guhitamo hagati y’amarido akoreshwa n’ashobora kongera gukoreshwa bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwabo.umutekano w'abarwayi, ikiguzi cy'imikorere, kubahiriza amategeko, no gukomezaImyenda iboshywe ishobora kongera gukoreshwa ishobora gutanga igihe kirekire iyo uburyo bwo kumesa imyenda bwizewe, mu gihe imyenda idaboshywe igabanya igihe cyo gukora mu bice by’ubuvuzi bishobora guteza akaga. Iyi nkuru igereranya amahitamo yombi binyuze mu kugenzura ubwandu, amahame agenga umutekano w’inkongi, ikiguzi cy’ubuzima, ingaruka ku bidukikije, n’imikorere ya buri munsi kugira ngo ibigo by’ubuvuzi bishobore gufata icyemezo gifatika kandi gifatika.

Amadirishya yo mu bitaro ashobora gukoreshwa cyangwa ashobora kongera gukoreshwa

Guhitamo amarido y'ubuzima bwite Mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi bigira ingaruka ku gaciro k’umurwayi, ku bukungu bw’ibigo, no kurwanya ubwandu. Nubwo imyenda gakondo iboshye yakunze kwiganza mu bitaro, kwibanda ku gukumira indwara zandurira mu bitaro (HAIs)—zigira ingaruka ku barwayi bagera kuri 1 kuri 31 bo mu bitaro buri munsi—byashyizeho ubundi buryo. Abayobozi b’ibigo bagomba gusuzuma uburyo buhoraho bwo kubungabunga isuku mu gihe kirekire bagereranije n’uburyo bworoshye bwo kuyikoresha mu gihe bahitamo hagati y’uburyo bwo kuyikoresha n’ubwo ishobora kongera gukoreshwa.

Ibisobanuro by'ingenzi n'ingero z'imikoreshereze

Amashuka ashobora kongera gukoreshwa akorwa mu mvange za polyester ziramba kandi ziboshye (akenshi zipima garama 200–300 kuri metero kare, cyangwa GSM) zagenewe kwihanganira imihango yo kumesa imyenda hagati ya 50 na 100. Iyi mitungo gakondo ikoreshwa mu byumba rusange aho indwara ziba zisanzwe. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, amarido y'ubuvuzi Ibikoresho byakozwe mu buryo bwo gukoresha mu gihe cyo gukoresha mu gihe cyoroshye ni polypropylene idakozwe mu budodo (ubusanzwe ikoreshwa muri GSM 100–120). Nubwo ibikoresho by'ibanze bishobora kongera gukoreshwa mu buryo bwa tekiniki, uburyo bwo gutunganya imyanda yo kwa muganga no kuyihumanya akenshi bugabanya uburyo bwo kuyikoresha mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha. Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho bishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bw'ingenzi mu bintu birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi, nko mu byumba byita ku barwayi barembye cyane (ICU), mu bigo bitwikwa, no mu byumba byo kwanduza abarwayi. Muri ibi bihe, abarwayi bahinduka vuba kandi bashobora kwanduzwa cyane bisaba gusimbuzwa umwenda w'inyuma hatabayeho gutinda amasaha 24 kugeza kuri 48 mu gihe cyo kuyimesa.

Amahame ngenderwaho mu mikorere no kubahiriza amategeko

Uko ibikoresho byaba biri kose, byose amarido yo kwa muganga bigomba kubahiriza ibipimo by’umutekano n’imikorere. Kudakoresha umuriro ni ikintu cy’ibanze kidasubirwaho; ibikoresho bigomba gutsinda isuzuma ry’uburyo umuriro utwika nk’ibipimo ngenderwaho bya NFPA 701 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika cyangwa ibipimo ngenderwaho bya BS 5867 Igice cya 2 Ubwoko bwa C mu Bwongereza. Imyenda gakondo iboshywe ifite irangi rya shimi ikunze gusaba kongera gusukurwa nyuma y’amasaha 10 kugeza kuri 15 yo koza kugira ngo ikomeze kubahiriza ibipimo, nubwo ibikoresho biboshywe bitagira umuriro (IFR) birenga iki gipimo. Mu buryo bunyuranye, ubwoko bwa polypropylene butari ubwoya bukoresha inyongeramusaruro zitagira umuriro zishyirwa mu gihe cyo gukora, bigatuma bikurikiza amabwiriza mu gihe cy’amezi 3 kugeza kuri 6 nta kongera kuvugururwa.

Itandukaniro mu bijyanye n'ikiguzi, isuku n'imikorere

Gusuzuma amarido y'ibitaro bisaba gusesengura amabwiriza yo kubungabunga, ingaruka zo kwanduzanya, n'ikiguzi cyose cyo gutunga. Itandukaniro mu mikorere hagati yo kumesa imyenda iramba no gucunga imiyoboro y'ibikoresho ikoreshwa mu gusohora lisansi bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere ya serivisi zo kubungabunga ibidukikije (EVS).

Byongeye kandi, ingaruka za buri sisitemu ku bidukikije zisaba isuzuma ryimbitse. Amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyajugunya Inganda zitanga ibiro 1 kugeza kuri 2 by'ibikoresho kuri buri gice mu gutwara imyanda no mu myanda ikomoka ku buvuzi, mu gihe uburyo bwo kumesa imyenda bushobora kongera gukoreshwa bukoresha amazi menshi (ubusanzwe litiro 2 kugeza kuri 3 kuri buri kilo cy'imyenda), ingufu, n'isabune z'imiti. Ibigo bigomba gusuzuma ibikorwa remezo byabyo—nk'uko biboneka uburyo bwo gutunganya imyanda mu ngufu mu bikoresho bikoreshwa mu kumesa cyangwa mu by'ubucuruzi—kugira ngo bifate icyemezo gishingiye ku bidukikije.

Ibisabwa mu kurwanya no gusukura indwara

Kubika kwandura kwanduzanya udukoko ku myenda y’ubwirinzi ni uburyo bwanditse bwo kwanduza Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) irwanya methicillin na Enterococcus (VRE) irwanya vancomycin. Imyenda ishobora kongera gukoreshwa isaba imiti yica udukoko cyane mu bushyuhe no mu miti kugira ngo igabanye izi ngaruka. Amabwiriza y’imiryango nka CDC, NHS, na AORN avuga ko imyenda iramba igomba kumeswa ku bushyuhe bwinshi (urugero, ubushyuhe bwa 160°F cyangwa 71°C mu gihe cy’iminota 25), akenshi hakoreshejwe bleach ishingiye kuri chlorine, kugira ngo hagabanuke mikorobe.

Amarido yo mu bitaro akoreshwa rimwe gusa Kwirengagiza iyi gahunda yo gukuraho umwanda mu buryo bugoye. Gukuraho umwenda nyuma yo gusohora mu buryo bworoshye cyangwa mu gihe cyagenwe, ibikoresho bigabanya ibyago byo kumesa imyenda no kuyisukura mu gihe cyo kuyitwara. Ariko, ibikoresho bijugunywamo ntabwo ari nta ngaruka mbi bifite; bishobora kwandura mu gihe bikoreshwa binyuze mu kuyikoresha kenshi, bigasaba isuku ikomeye y'intoki no kuyisimbuza buri gihe. Iyi mpinduka ikuraho umutwaro wo gukora kuva ku bikoresho byo kumesa imyenda ikagera ku gucunga imyanda.

Amafaranga yo kugura, kumesa imyenda no gusimbuza

Icyitegererezo cy'imari ku bijyanye n'ibanga kirenze inyemezabwishyu ya mbere. Imyenda ishobora kongera gukoreshwa ifite ikiguzi cyo kugura imari, cyongerwaho amafaranga asanzwe yo kumesa, gutwara no gukurikirana. Ibikoresho bigomba kandi kugira ububiko bw'amafaranga asigaye (akenshi inshuro 3 kuri buri rwego) kugira ngo bitwikire amabati mu buryo bugaragara mu ruziga rw'imyenda. Imyenda ikoreshwa mu kumesa igaragaza icyitegererezo cy'ubukungu gihindagurika: amafaranga make yo kugura mbere nta mafaranga yo kumesa, ariko bisaba kongera kuvugurura kandi bigatwara amafaranga y'imikorere nko gucunga ibicuruzwa, kubika no kujugunya imyanda.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo ubwoko bwiza bw'igitambaro

Guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo gufata amarido akenshi si icyemezo cy’uburyo bubiri ku rwego rw’ubuvuzi rwose. Ingamba zinoze zo gutanga amasoko zikoresha uburyo buhuriweho, zigakoresha ubwoko bwihariye bw’ibikoresho bishingiye ku mikorere y’ishami, isuzuma ry’ingaruka, n’intego z’icyorezo.

Suzuma ibyago byo mu cyumba cy'abarwayi n'uko abarwayi binjira mu bitaro

Abayobozi b'ibigo bagomba gukora ibyiciro by'ibyago mu turere dutandukanye tw'ubuvuzi. Mu duce twinshi tw'ubuvuzi nko mu mashami y'ubutabazi bw'ibanze cyangwa mu duce twinshi tw'ibyago nko mu mashami y'ubuvuzi bwa kanseri, gushyiraho vuba ibikoresho bikoreshwa rimwe na rimwe bituma habaho imbogamizi nshya ku bantu bashya bakirwa. Ni ngombwa gutandukanya hagati y'ibikorerwa mu bwigunge n'ibikorerwa mu gihe runaka: mu bice byonyine (aho umurwayi amara iminsi 3 kugeza kuri 7), ibikoresho bikoreshwa rimwe na rimwe bikora nk'ibikoresho bikoreshwa n'umurwayi umwe bijugunywa mu gihe umurwayi asezerewe. Muri rusange mu byumba by'ubuvuzi bifite ibyago bike by'ako kanya, bikora nk'imbogamizi z'igihe gito, aho amabwiriza y'inganda akunze gutanga inama yo gusimbuza buri mezi 3 kugeza kuri 6 uko ibikoresho bigenda bishira. Ku rundi ruhande, ibigo byita ku barwayi igihe kirekire cyangwa amavuriro adakora neza—aho abarwayi amara igihe kirekire cyangwa aho bakorana n'amarido biba bike—akenshi babona inyungu nziza mu ishoramari (ROI) binyuze mu kubungabunga imyenda iramba kandi ishobora kumeswa.

Huza uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko n'intego zo kwirinda kwandura

Ibyemezo byo gutanga amasoko bigomba guhuza neza n'amabwiriza y'ikigo yo gukumira ubwandu. Niba ibitaro bigamije kugabanya umubare w'abanduye bakwirakwira mu buryo bw'amarangamutima, bigomba guhinduka amarido yo mu bitaro arwanya mikorobe ifite uburyo bwo kuvura indwara za silver-ion cyangwa quaternary ammonium (isanzwe igamije kugabanya 99.9% by'umutwaro w'ibinyabuzima mu masaha 24) ni amahitamo. Ariko, ubu buryo bwo kuvura indwara za biocidal bugenzurwa cyane n'inzego nka EPA na FDA.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Koresha amarido akoreshwa ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa n’impanuka nko mu cyumba cy’indembe, ahantu hatwikwa n’abantu benshi, n’aho abantu bahita bashira mu kato aho gusimbuza vuba bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura.
• Hitamo amarido akoreshwa mu buryo buciriritse mu byumba byo kumesa imyenda gusa iyo ikigo gishobora gucunga neza uburyo bwo kumesa imyenda, kuyikurikirana, kuyibika no kuyisubizamo.
• Mbere yo kugura, banza urebe neza ko buri rido yujuje ibisabwa mu kwirinda inkongi z'umuriro, nka NFPA 701 cyangwa BS 5867 Igice cya 2 Ubwoko C.
• Reba amafaranga y’igihe cyose cy’akazi kuko imyenda ishobora kongera gukoreshwa ishobora gusaba amasaha 50 kugeza ku 100 yo kumesa imyenda, mu gihe amabati akoreshwa rimwe na rimwe amara amezi 3 kugeza kuri 6.
• Gereranya ingaruka ku bidukikije mu gace utuyemo, harimo n'umutwaro w'imyanda kuva kuri kilo 1 kugeza kuri 2 kuri buri gasanduku gakoreshwa mu kumesa ugereranije n'amazi, ingufu, n'isabune ikoreshwa mu kumesa.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni iyihe myenda yo mu bitaro ikwiriye mu kurwanya ubwandu?

Amarido akoreshwa mu kujugunyamo imyenda akunze gukoreshwa mu byumba byo kwakiriramo abantu benshi, mu byumba byo kwakiriramo abantu, no mu bice bicukurwamo imyenda myinshi kuko ashobora gusimburwa ako kanya kandi akirinda gutinda kumesa. Amarido akoreshwa mu kugabanyamo imyenda ashobora kuba meza, ariko gusa iyo habayeho isuku ikomeye, kuyakoresha no kuyakurikirana.

Amarido yo mu bitaro agomba gusimbuzwa kangahe?

Amashuka menshi akoreshwa mu gihe cy'amezi 3 kugeza kuri 6, ariko agomba guhindurwa vuba nyuma yo kwandura, gusohora amashuka mu buryo bworoshye, kwanduzwa n'umwanda ugaragara, cyangwa hakurikijwe politiki yo kurwanya ubwandu mu kigo.

Amarido yo mu bitaro ashobora kongera gukoreshwa akorwa n'iki?

Amashuka ashobora kongera gukoreshwa akunze gukorwa mu mvange za polyester ziramba, akenshi ziba zingana na 200–300 GSM, kandi agenewe kwihanganira inshuro zigera kuri 50 kugeza ku 100 zo kumesa imyenda.

Ese amarido y'ibitaro agomba kuzuza amabwiriza agenga umutekano w'inkongi?

Yego. Amashuka yo kwa muganga ashobora gukoreshwa cyangwa ashobora kongera gukoreshwa agomba kuba yujuje ibisabwa mu kwirinda inkongi z'umuriro, nka NFPA 701 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika cyangwa BS 5867 Igice cya 2 Ubwoko bwa C mu Bwongereza.

Ese amarido yo mu bitaro ashobora kongera gukoreshwa?

Amarido amwe n'amwe akoreshwa mu gusimbuza akoresha polypropylene ishobora kongera gukoreshwa, ariko amategeko agenga ubwandu, uburyo bwo gutunganya imyanda yo kwa muganga, n'imipaka yo gutunganya aho iherereye akenshi bibuza kongera gukoreshwa nyuma yo kuyikoresha kwa muganga.