Uburyo amarido yo mu bitaro akoreshwa mu kugabanya kwanduzanya

Intangiriro

Amadirishya y'ubuzima bwite Zikorwaho buri gihe ariko zisukurwa gake cyane ugereranyije n'ahandi hantu mu barwayi, bigatuma ziba isoko idakunze kwibasirwa n'ikwirakwizwa ry'udukoko. Amashuka yo mu bitaro ashobora gukoreshwa rimwe afasha kuziba icyo cyuho binyuze mu gusimbuza umwenda ushobora gukoreshwa rimwe gusa ushobora guhindurwa vuba, buri gihe, kandi nta gutinda kumesa. Iyi nkuru isobanura uburyo iryo hinduka rigabanya ibyago byo kwandura, aho amashuka akoreshwa rimwe ahuye n'amabwiriza yagutse yo kwirinda kwandura, n'ibyo ibigo nderabuzima bigomba kuzirikana mu gihe bisuzuma umutekano w'umurwayi, imikorere myiza y'akazi, n'isuku y'ibidukikije.

Impamvu amarido yo mu bitaro akoreshwa mu kwirinda kwandura ari ingenzi

Indwara ziterwa n'ubuvuzi (HAIs) zikomeje kuba ikibazo gikomeye ku mutekano w'abarwayi n'ingengo y'imari ikoreshwa mu bitaro. Mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi, ahantu hakora cyane hakora nk'ibintu by'ingenzi bitera indwara. Mu gihe amabwiriza akomeye agenga uburyo bwo gukingira ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi n'ahantu hakomeye, ahantu horoshye nka Amadirishya yo kubungabunga ubuzima bwite bw'ibitaro Byaranzwe n’amateka. Ibi bice bikikije agace k’abarwayi, bigakomeza kuvurwa kenshi n’abakozi bo kwa muganga, abarwayi, n’abashyitsi nta miti ivura indwara iyo ari yo yose.

Impinduka igana kuri ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha rimwe gusa Bikemura ikibazo gikomeye mu isuku y’ibidukikije. Binyuze mu gukuraho uburyo bugoye bwo kumesa imyenda no kwangirika kw’imyenda, ibigo nderabuzima bishobora gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukumira ubwandu bugenzurwa kandi butegerejwe.

Uburyo amarido akoreshwa rimwe agabanya kwanduzwa n'ibindi bintu

Imitako gakondo y’imyenda ikunze gukora nk’imiti. Ubushakashatsi bwa muganga bwerekana ko kugeza kuri 92% by’imyenda mishya ishobora kongera gukoreshwa ikwirakwizwamo bagiteri, harimo Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) idashobora kwangirika muri Methicillin na Enterococci (VRE) idashobora kwangirika muri Vancomycin, mu minsi 14 gusa nyuma yo gushyirwaho. Udukoko dushobora kubaho ku myenda isanzwe ya polyester mu gihe cy’iminsi 90, bityo bigatuma habaho kwanduzanya guhoraho mu gihe abakozi bagenda hagati y’imyenda n’umurwayi.

Gushyira mu bikorwa Amadirishya yo mu bitaro akoreshwa rimwe gusa Bigabanya uburyo bwo kwanduzanya uru ruhererekane rw’ikwirakwizwa ry’ibi binyabuzima. Ibyinshi muri ibi bicuruzwa bikorwa hakoreshejwe imiti irwanya udukoko, nk'ikoranabuhanga rya silver-ion, rigabanya cyane umutwaro w’ibinyabuzima ku buso ku kigero kirenga 99.9% mu masaha 24. Kubera ko bisimburwa aho gukaraba, ibyago byo kwirundanya kw’udukoko mu gihe kirekire cy’ubuzima birakurwaho burundu.

Ni ibihe bintu by’ubuvuzi n’imikorere bituma umuntu ahabwa serivisi

Uretse ibisubizo by'ubuvuzi, imikorere myiza igira ingaruka zikomeye ku mpinduka mu guhindura uburyo bwo gukoresha imyenda ikoreshwa mu gihe runaka. Gucunga imyenda gakondo bisaba imbaraga nyinshi; gukuraho, kumesa no kongera gushyiramo umwenda usanzwe bisaba iminota 15 kugeza kuri 20 y'akazi, akenshi bigasaba urwego n'abakozi benshi bashinzwe imicungire y'ibikoresho. Iki gihe cyo kuruhuka bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bipimo byo guhindura imikorere y'icyumba.

Ku rundi ruhande, sisitemu zigezweho zikoresha uburyo bwihariye bwo gusimbuza ibyuma cyangwa uburyo bwo gusimbuza ibyuma butuma umukozi umwe ashobora guhindura ibyuma mu minota 2 kugeza kuri 3 nta ngazi. Uku kugabanuka kwa 85% by'igihe cyo guhindura ibyuma ni ikintu gikomeye gishishikariza abantu gukoresha ibyuma, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'ibura ry'abakozi mu by'ubuvuzi. Byongeye kandi, ibihano by'amafaranga bijyana na HAI muri gahunda zo kugura ibikoresho bishingiye ku gaciro bihatira abayobozi gushora imari mu kugenzura ibidukikije ku buryo bigabanya umubare w'abandura.

Uburyo bwo kugereranya amarido yo mu bitaro ashobora gukoreshwa n'ayo mu bitaro ashobora kongera gukoreshwa

Guhindura imyenda gakondo ukajya mu yindi ikoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha bisaba isuzuma ryimbitse ry’ubukungu bw’igihe cyose, iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko, n’ingaruka z’ibikoresho. Ibigo bigomba gupima ikiguzi cyo kugura ibintu bikoreshwa rimwe ugereranije n’amafaranga yihishe ajyanye no kubika ububiko bushobora kongera gukoreshwa.

Ni ibihe bipimo ngenderwaho by'imikorere, kubahiriza amategeko, n'ikiguzi by'ingenzi kurusha ibindi

Mu gusuzuma imikorere, amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko agomba gusesengura ikiguzi cyose cy’umutungo (TCO). Amashuka asanzwe ashobora kongera gukoreshwa afite ikiguzi cya mbere cyo kugura kiri hagati ya $30 na $50 kuri buri gikoresho, hamwe n’amafaranga yo kumesa ahoraho n’ayo gutwara impuzandengo ya $5 na $10 kuri buri gikoresho. Ibinyuranye n’ibyo, ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha mu gihe cyo gukoresha mu gihe cyoroshye ubusanzwe igura hagati y’amadolari 10 na 15 kuri buri gikoresho. Nubwo ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gusimbuza ibintu bikoreshwa mu gihe cyose, bikuraho amasezerano y’ubucuruzi yo kumesa imyenda, igihombo mu bubiko, n’ikiguzi cyo gusana imyenda.

Kuyubahiriza amategeko nabyo bituma umuntu ahitamo. Amadirishya yo mu bitaro arwanya mikorobe igomba kuzuza amahame mpuzamahanga akomeye kugira ngo ikore neza haba ku bijyanye n'imikorere y'ibinyabutabire (urugero, ISO 20743) ndetse n'imiterere y'ibinyabutabire, ikareba ko bikora neza mu gihe cy'ibibazo by'ubuvuzi.

Uburyo impinduka zikunze kubaho, uburyo bwo kumesa imyenda, n'umutekano w'inkongi bigira ingaruka ku guhitamo

Uburyo bwo guhindura inshuro zikoreshwa mu gucunga amadirishya bugena ingano n'uburyo bwo kuyacunga. Ahantu hashobora guterwa n'impanuka nyinshi, nko mu byumba byo kwakiriramo abarwayi cyangwa mu byuma bitwikwa, bisaba gusimbuza amadirishya ako kanya umurwayi amaze kuva mu bitaro. Muri ubu buryo, guhindura vuba amadirishya yo gukoresha mu byuma bigabanya ubukana bw'amadirishya birinda ingorane. Ku byumba bisanzwe, ibigo bikunze gushyiraho igihe cyo guhindura amadirishya kuva buri mezi 3 kugeza kuri 6, bigakurikiranwa byoroshye binyuze mu byapa by'amatariki biri ku byuma bikoreshwa mu byuma bikoreshwa mu byuma bikenera gukoreshwa ...

Umutekano w'inkongi ni ikindi kintu kidasubirwaho. Ibice by'ubuvuzi bigomba kubahiriza amahame akomeye yo gutwika, nka NFPA 701 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika cyangwa BS 5867 mu Bwongereza. Amashuka ashobora kongera gukoreshwa aterwa imiti kugira ngo arwanye inkongi, ariko ubu burinzi bugenda bugabanuka buhoro buhoro; nyuma yo gukaraba inshuro 10 kugeza kuri 15, amashuka ashobora kongera gukoreshwa ashobora kunanirwa gupimwa, bigatuma habaho ikibazo gikomeye. Amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyajugunya bikorwa mu buryo busanzwe butuma umuriro udashira (IFR) polypropylene idakoze mu budodo, kwemeza ko amategeko yubahirizwa 100% nta kibazo cy’uko ibintu byangirika bitewe no gukaraba.

Ibyo ugomba kwitaho mu gihe ugura kandi ugashyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho byo mu bitaro bishobora gukoreshwa

Guhuza neza ibice bikoreshwa mu gusana ibikoresho bisaba isuzuma rikomeye ry’umucuruzi n’ingamba zo gushyiraho ibikoresho. Ishami rishinzwe amasoko rigomba kugenzura ko ibicuruzwa byatoranijwe bihuye n’ibikorwa remezo by’inyubako bihari mu gihe bihuye n’ibyo ishami rishinzwe ubuvuzi rikeneye.

Ibisobanuro by'ibicuruzwa n'ubushobozi bw'umutanga serivisi zo gusuzuma

Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki bigena ubushobozi bw'ubuvuzi n'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko. Abasesenguzi bagomba gutegeka ikoreshwa rya polypropylene idafunze ya 100 kugeza kuri 120 gsm (garama kuri metero kare), itanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kuvura abarwayi mu gihe ikomeza gukomera kugira ngo idacika. Byongeye kandi, amategeko y'inyubako asaba ko icyuma gicana umuriro cyinjiramo; bityo, Amadirishya yo kwa muganga Igomba kuba ifite urwego rwo hejuru rw'umuyoboro—ubusanzwe rufite santimetero 20 kugeza kuri 22 z'ubujyakuzimu—rufite ingano yihariye y'umwobo ugororotse kugira ngo amazi atembera neza.

Ubushobozi bw'abatanga serivisi nabwo ni ingenzi cyane. Urusobe rw'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi rusaba kwizerwa. Abashinzwe gutanga amasoko bagomba gusuzuma abacuruzi bashingiye ku ngano ntoya zo gutumiza (MOQs), akenshi ziba hagati ya 500 na 1.000 ku bipimo byihariye, n'igihe cy'amateka cyo gutanga serivisi, kitagomba kurenza ibyumweru 4 kugeza kuri 6. Byongeye kandi, kwemeza ko uruganda rufite icyemezo cya ISO 13485 bishimangira ko uruganda rukurikiza sisitemu zikomeye zo gucunga ubuziranenge zihariye ku bikoresho by'ubuvuzi.

Uburyo bwo gutegura ishyirwa mu bikorwa n'ikoreshwa mu bigo byita ku bana

Ingamba zo gushyira mu bikorwa mu byiciro bigabanya ihungabana kandi bigatuma habaho kunoza imikorere.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu z'amarido y'ibitaro akoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni gute amarido yo mu bitaro akoreshwa rimwe agabanya kwanduzwa n'ibindi bintu?

Bikuraho gukenera gukaraba inshuro nyinshi no gutinda gusimbuza. Umwenda ukoreshwa rimwes zihindurwa burundu, bigabanya ukwiyongera kwa mikorobe ku mwenda ukoraho cyane hafi y'aho umurwayi aherereye.

Amarido yo mu bitaro agomba gusimbuzwa kangahe?

Zisimbuze ako kanya nyuma yo kwamburwa akato cyangwa kuva mu bitaro mu bice bishobora guteza akaga gakomeye. Mu byumba bisanzwe, ibigo byinshi bikoresha igihe cyo guhindura imikorere cyagenwe cy'amezi agera kuri 3 kugeza kuri 6.

Ese amarido yo mu bitaro ashobora gukoreshwa vuba kurusha ayo ashobora kongera gukoreshwa?

Yego. Sisitemu zikoreshwa mu gukuraho imirasire zifite inzira zo gukurura cyangwa gusimbuka zishobora guhindurwa n'umuntu umwe mu minota 2 kugeza kuri 3, ugereranyije n'iminota 15 kugeza kuri 20 ku madirishya ashobora kongera gukoreshwa.

Ni iki abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma mbere yo guhitamo amarido yo mu bitaro akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha?

Suzuma imikorere y’imiti irwanya udukoko, kubahiriza amategeko agenga umuriro, guhuza imikorere y’ibikoresho, ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho, n’ibirango by’amatariki yo guhindura. Igiciro cyose kigomba kuba kirimo kuzigama abakozi no kwirinda amafaranga yo kumesa.

Ese amarido yo mu bitaro ashobora gukoreshwa mu gihe runaka ashobora kugabanya ikiguzi cy'imikorere muri rusange?

Akenshi yego. Nubwo ari ibintu bikunze kugurwa kenshi, bishobora kugabanya amafaranga yo kumesa imyenda, kugabanya igihe cy'abakozi, koroshya imicungire y'ibikoresho, no gufasha mu kwihutisha ihindagurika ry'ibyumba.