Igitambaro cyo mu bwoko bwa Suwede cyo mu bwoko bwa Saadani ugereranyije n'igitambaro cyo mu bwoko bwa Papi: Ni ikihe kibisi kurusha ibindi?

Intangiriro

Guhitamo hagati y'igitambaro cyo mu Busuwisi gishobora kongera gukoreshwa n'igitambaro gisanzwe cyo mu mpapuro ntabwo ari ukugira ngo byorohere gusa; bigira ingaruka ku myanda, ikoreshwa ry'umutungo, imikorere yo gusukura, ndetse n'ikiguzi cy'igihe kirekire.Imyenda yo mu bwoko bwa Wedish, ubusanzwe ikorwa muri selulosi na ipamba, igenewe kunyunyuza ibyamenetse, guhanagura ahantu, no gukomeza gukaraba kenshi, mu gihe amashuka y'impapuro atanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kuyakoresha rimwe gusa mu gihe hadakoreshejwe uburyo buhoraho bwo kuyajugunya. Iri gereranya rireba kure y'itandukaniro rigaragara ry' "rishobora kongera gukoreshwa ugereranyije n'iryakoreshejwe" kugira ngo risuzume ibikoresho, kuramba, isuku, ubushobozi bwo gufumbira, n'imikorere ya buri munsi. Amaherezo, uzasobanukirwa neza igihe igitambaro cyo mu Busuwisi ari cyo gihitamo cyiza kurusha ibindi, aho amashuka y'impapuro ashobora kuba afite ishingiro, n'uburyo bwo guhitamo uburyo bwo gusukura bugabanya ingaruka zidasaba imikorere mibi.

Imyenda yo mu Busuwede yo mu gikoni ugereranyije n'impapuro zo mu gikoni: Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi

Impinduka mu isuku irambye yo mu ngo yatumye ibikoresho gakondo byo gukoresha impapuro zikoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuzikoresha bisuzumwa cyane. Uko abaguzi basuzuma ingaruka zabyo ku bidukikije, kugereranya amatafari y'impapuro akoreshwa rimwe n'andi ashobora gukoreshwa byahindutse ikintu cy'ingenzi. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro ry'ibanze mu miterere y'ibikoresho, akamaro ka buri munsi, n'ubuzima ni ingenzi mu gufata ibyemezo byo kugura no kugabanya imyanda yo mu ngo.

Igitambaro cyo mu bwoko bwa Suwede gikoreshwa mu guteka ni iki?

Yahimbwe mu 1949 n'umuhanga mu by'ubugeni wo muri Suwede, gakondo Igitambaro cyo mu bwoko bwa Suwede—ubu iboneka cyane binyuze mu bacuruza ibicuruzwa—yakozwe mu bikoresho bisanzwe aho kuba mu byuma bya pulasitiki. Ibigize ibintu bisanzwe bishingiye ku mvange y’imiterere ya selulose y'ibiti(ubusanzwe 70%) n'imyenda y'ipamba idafunze (hafi 30%). Nubwo ishingiye ku bimera, kuba ibi bikoresho bibungabunga ibidukikije biterwa no kubishakira ibikoresho neza, nko gukoresha impumuro y'ibiti yemewe na FSC no kuba bifite amazi menshi mu buhinzi bw'ipamba. Iyi mvange y'imiterere ikora imiterere y'imitsi ishobora kwinjiza uburemere bwayo bwumye inshuro 15 kugeza kuri 20 mu mazi (hafi ibikombe 0.75 by'amazi kuri buri mwenda usanzwe wa 6.7" x 7.9"). Bitandukanye n'ibicuruzwa bya sintetike. Igitambaro cya Microfibers, irekura microplastics mu miyoboro y'amazi yo mu mujyi mu gihe cyo kumesa, matrix ya cellulose-pamba ishobora kongera gukoreshwa kandi yagenewe kwihanganira imbaraga zidasanzwe za mekanike idasesa imyanda yangiza.

Ni iyihe mirimo yo gusukura ugomba kugereranya?

Kugira ngo usuzume neza ibi bikoresho byo gusukura, ni ngombwa gushyira mu byiciro imirimo yihariye bakora. Mu buzima bwa buri munsi bwo mu rugo, guhanagura aho bashyira ibintu, kumena amazi yamenetse, no gusukura ikirahure nta gusiga imirongo ni byo bigira uruhare runini mu kubungabunga ubuso bwa buri munsi. Amashuka y'impapuro akunze gukoreshwa kuri iyi mirimo igabanya ibyago kandi isubiramo, bigira uruhare runini mu mibumbe 80 kugeza kuri 120 y'amashuka y'impapuro urugo rusanzwe rwo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru rukoresha buri mwaka. Ariko, ibikoresho by'impapuro bikoreshwa rimwe biracyakenewe ku mirimo yihariye iteza ibyago byinshi. Gusukura amavuta akomeye y'imodoka cyangwa imiti ihumanya ikirere bisaba kuyajugunya, kuko kwangirika kw'imigozi ishobora kongera gukoreshwa biruta inyungu zo gukaraba.

Ingaruka n'imikorere ku bidukikije

Gusuzuma ingaruka nyazo ku bidukikije ku bikoresho byo gusukura bisaba gusesengura imikorere yabyo yihuse ndetse n'ingaruka zabyo mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Ibipimo byo kugereranya neza birimo ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ibintu mu buryo bw'umwimerere, igihe kirekire gikoreshwa buri munsi, ndetse n'ingaruka ku bidukikije zijyanye no gukora, gutwara, no gusohora ibintu mu gihe cy'imperuka.

Kunywa, Kuramba, n'Ikiguzi

Mu rwego rw'imikorere, imwe igitambaro cy'ibisuguti gishobora kongera gukoreshwa Ishobora gusimbuza imizingo 15 kugeza kuri 17 y'impapuro zisanzwe zifite impapuro ebyiri mu gihe cyose ikora. Iyi myenda ikomeye mu buryo bw'imiterere ihangana n'amasaha yo gukaraba hagati ya 50 na 200 mu mashini zisanzwe zoza (zihanganira ubushyuhe bugera kuri 190°F cyangwa 90°C) cyangwa mu byuma byoza amasahani mbere yuko habaho kwangirika gukomeye. Uku kuramba gukomeye guhindura isesengura ry'ikiguzi n'inyungu, bigatanga kuzigama hagati ya 50 na 150$ buri mwaka ku ngengo y'imari ya buri munsi y'urugo.

Gushaka, Gupakira, Gutwara no Guta

Inzira zo gutanga no gusohora ibicuruzwa zigaragaza itandukaniro rigaragara hagati y’ibi bicuruzwa byombi. Gukora amashuka y’impapuro bisaba amazi menshi (akenshi arenga litiro 15.000 kuri toni y’impapuro zisanzwe), kandi ibikoresho bya nyuma by’impapuro akenshi biba bipfunyitse mu gipfunyika kinini cya pulasitiki kidashobora kongera gukoreshwa. Kubera ko amashuka y’impapuro afite ubwinshi bw’umwuka, ubwikorezi bwabyo busaba umwanya munini wo kohereza, ibyo bikaba bishobora kongera ubwinshi bw’ibintu bitwara ugereranije n’ubwinshi bw’imizigo. Ku rundi ruhande, ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha selulose bushobora kongera gukoreshwa zikorwa cyane kandi zoherezwa mu mahanga zumye kandi zigororotse, zisaba ingano ntoya yo gupakira kandi zigafasha mu kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere yo mu bwoko bwa "unit". Ariko, abaguzi bagomba kumenya ko ibicuruzwa bicuruzwa mu mahanga biva mu mahanga bijyanwa mu mahanga bishobora kugabanya inyungu zimwe na zimwe z’ubwinshi bw’ibicuruzwa bicuruzwa ugereranije n’ibicuruzwa bikorerwa mu gihugu. Mu mpera z’ubuzima bwabyo, 100% imyenda ya selulose karemano bishobora gushyirwa mu buryo butaziguye mu buryo bw'ifumbire y'imborera mu mujyi cyangwa mu ngo. Mu gihe gisanzwe cyo gukora ifumbire y'imborera, mikorobe zirayisenya burundu mu byumweru 6 kugeza kuri 8 mu bigo by'ubucuruzi cyangwa mu byumweru 12 kugeza kuri 16 mu ngo, bigatuma nta bisigazwa by'imyanda bisigara.

Iyo imyenda yo mu gikoni ishobora kongera gukoreshwa ari yo ihitamo ryiza kurushaho

Guhindura uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa “metallic” rimwe gusa bisaba kugira imico myiza aho guhagarika burundu ibikoresho by’impapuro. Mu kunoza uburyo n’igihe ibikoresho bitandukanye bikoreshwa, ingo zishobora kugera ku ntambwe zikomeye zo gukomeza ubuzima bw’abaturage zitabangamiye isuku cyangwa uburyo bworoshye bwo kubikoresha.

Uburyo Bufatika bwo Kugabanya Imyanda yo mu Ngo no mu Bucuruzi

Gushyira mu bikorwa icyitegererezo cy’isuku rusange ni yo ngamba nziza cyane yo kugabanya imyanda mu ngo. Ushobora kubika impapuro zo kwisiga gusa kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu isuku irimo udukoko twangiza (nk'imitobe y'inyama mbisi) kugira ngo wirinde kwanduzanya. Mu guhindura uburyo bwo guhanagura, gusukura ivumbi no kumena amaraso mu buryo busanzwe. ubundi buryo butangiza ibidukikije, ingo zigabanya cyane imyanda yazo. Mu by'imari, iri hinduka ry'ibikoresho rikunze gutanga ubwizigame bugaragara buri mwaka bwa 60% kugeza kuri 80% ku ngengo y'imari y'impapuro zikoreshwa mu gihe cyo gukoresha buri rugo cyangwa ikigo cy'ubucuruzi, bitewe n'uko impapuro zakoreshejwe mbere.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo hagati y'uburyo bushobora kongera gukoreshwa n'ubwo kongera gukoreshwa

Mu gihe cyo kugura ibikoresho byo gusukura birambye, abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma neza ibipimo by'ibikoresho kugira ngo birinde ibicuruzwa byasizwe icyatsi. imyenda igezweho yo guteka ibisuguti Shyiramo udukoresho twihishe two gufatanya cyangwa imiyoboro ya polyester kugira ngo wongere igihe kirekire, ibyo bigatuma ifumbire yayo idakora neza. Ku baguzi b'ubucuruzi, imyenda nyayo yacapwe mu buryo bwihariye ikenera Ingano ntoya zo Gutumiza (MOQs) kuva kuri 300 kugeza ku 1.000. Kugira ngo urebe ko hari inyungu nyinshi ku bidukikije, genzura ko umwenda wa cellulose wemewe 100% ushingiye ku bimera, udafite ibikomoka kuri peteroli, kandi ukoresha wino ishingiye ku mazi cyangwa OEKO-TEX®.

Niba ugikeneye amahitamo yo gukoresha mu mirimo idasobanutse neza, amatafari yo mu mpapuro yasubiwemo ni intambwe iruta iyo ugereranyije n’amabati y’ibiti bya kera.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu nyamukuru ku mwenda wo mu Busuwisi wo guteka amasahani
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ese ibitambaro byo mu Busuwisi bifite ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi kurusha ibitambaro by'impapuro?

Yego ku isuku ya buri munsi. Igitambaro kimwe cyo mu Busuwisi gikozwe muri cellulose-cotton gishobora gusimbuza imizingo 15 kugeza kuri 17 y'impapuro, kugabanya imyanda, gupakira no kongera kugura.

Igitambaro cyo mu bwoko bwa Suwede gikozwe mu ki?

Inyinshi muri zo zikozwe muri cellulose y’ibiti ingana na 70% na 30% by’ipamba. Kugira ngo ubone isuku, shakisha cellulose ikomoka ku giti, nka pulp y’ibiti yemejwe na FSC.

Igitambaro cyo mu Busuwede kimara igihe kingana iki?

Iyo ikoreshwa mu rugo bisanzwe, akenshi imara amezi 6 kugeza kuri 9 kandi ishobora gukaraba inshuro zigera kuri 50 kugeza kuri 200 mbere yuko itangira kwangirika.

Ni gute nakaraba igitambaro cyo mu bwoko bwa Suwede?

Sukura nyuma yo gukoresha, wumishe mu mwuka hagati y'imirimo, hanyuma woge mu cyuma gikaraba amasahani cyangwa imashini imesa. Imyenda myinshi ihanganira gukaraba bishyushye kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 190 cyangwa 90.

Ni ryari nkwiye gukomeza gukoresha impapuro zo kwisiga?

Koresha impapuro zo guhaha amavuta menshi, imiti ikaze, imyanda y'amatungo, cyangwa ikindi kintu cyose kidakwiye gukaraba. Ku birahuri, aho amazi yamenetse, aho kogereza, n'ibirahuri, koresha igitambaro cyo mu Busuwisi cyo mu gikoni.