Ibitambaro byo mu bwoko bwa Suwede vs. Ibitambaro by'impapuro: Ni ikihe gikomeza kubaho?

Gusukwa rimwe gusa bishobora kugaragara nk'aho atari icyemezo cyo kurengera ibidukikije, ariko bisubirwamo incuro amagana mu mwaka, guhitamo hagati y'impapuro zikoreshwa rimwe n'imyenda yo gusukura ishobora kongera gukoreshwa birarushaho kuba byiza. Igitambaro cyo gusangiriraho amasahaniIbikoresho byabaye nk'igipimo fatizo ku bikoni bidakoresha imyanda myinshi kuko bihuza uburyo bwo gukurura selulosi, imbaraga z'ipamba, no gusohora ifumbire mu gihe cy'ubuzima. Amashuka y'impapuro aracyafite aho ahurira n'ibintu bimwe na bimwe by'isuku cyangwa biteje akaga, ariko uburyo bwo kuyakoresha rimwe gusa butera igitutu gihoraho binyuze mu gukoresha umutungo, imyanda yo mu myanda, n'ikiguzi cyo kuyisimbura. Iri gereranya rireba uburyo amahitamo abiri atandukanye mu kuramba, uburyo bwo kuyikurura, uburyo ifumbire ishobora gukoreshwa, n'uburyo ikoreshwa buri munsi kugira ngo ingo n'ibigo by'ubucuruzi bihitemo igikoresho gikwiye cyo gukoresha ahantu hasukuye kandi hadafite imyanda myinshi.

Impamvu imyenda yo mu Busuwede yo mu gikoni ari ikimenyetso cy'ubuzima burambye

Impinduka mu kugendera ku ngeso zirambye haba mu ngo no mu bucuruzi byatumye habaho isuzuma rishya ry’ibikoresho byo gusukura bya buri munsi. Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, ibikoresho by’impapuro bikoreshwa rimwe byiganje mu gusukura ubuso bitewe n’uburyo byoroshye kubikoresha. Ariko, ubumenyi bukomeje kwiyongera ku gutema amashyamba no gusiga imyanda mu myanda byatumye abantu bakenera ubundi buryo burambye kandi butangiza ibidukikije.

Muri uru rwego, Igitambaro cyo mu gikoni cyo muri Suwede Byagaragaye nk'uburyo buzwi kandi burambye. Binyuze mu guhuza uburyo ipamba gakondo rishobora kwinjizamo ibintu n'uburyo ipamba riboshye, iki gicuruzwa kigakora imirimo isaba isuku igoye mu gihe cyuzuza intego zo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Igishushanyo mbonera kigaragaza uburyo ibikoresho byoroshye kandi bikomoka ku bimera bishobora gutanga ubundi buryo bufatika kandi burambye bwo gukoresha ibintu bishobora gukoreshwa mu gihe kitari ibikoresho bikoreshwa.

Igitambaro cyo mu bwoko bwa Suwede gikoreshwa mu guteka ni iki?

Yavumbuwe mu 1949 n'umuhanga mu by'ubuhanga mu by'ubwubatsi wo muri Suwede, igitambaro gakondo cyo mu Busuwede ubusanzwe igizwe na 70% by'umunyu w'ibiti (cellulose) na 30% by'ipamba. Iyi mvange ikora imiterere ifite imyenge myinshi ishobora kwinjiza amazi menshi kurusha ibitambaro bisanzwe—bikunze kuvugwa ko ari inshuro zigera kuri 20 z'uburemere bwayo bwumye. Kubera ko idafite pulasitiki ishingiye kuri peteroli, ikora nk'icyuma gikomeye. igitambaro cyo mu gikoni gishobora kongera gukoreshwa birwanya gushwanyagurika nubwo byaba byuzuye.

Uretse kuramba kwayo, ibikoresho bishobora gufumbira mu gihe cyo kurangira igihe cyo gukoreshwa. Mu ifumbire y'imborera ikorerwa mu bucuruzi, igitambaro gikunze kwangirika mu byumweru bike (ubusanzwe ibyumweru 6 kugeza kuri 8). Uku kwangirika kusanzwe gutuma umusaruro nta bisigazwa bya plastiki bisigara mu butaka, bigahuza neza n'ibikorwa byo kudasesagura imyanda.

Impamvu impapuro zo guhambira zitera ibibazo birambye

Kwishingikiriza cyane ku mpapuro zometseho ibitambaro bikomeza kubangamira umutungo kamere. Igereranya ryerekana ko muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika honyine, amamiliyari y'ibiro by'impapuro zometseho ibitambaro zijugunywa buri mwaka. Kubera ko izi mpapuro zometseho ibiryo, amavuta cyangwa imiti isukura, ubusanzwe ntizishobora kongera gukoreshwa kandi zijyanwa mu myanda.

Uburyo bwo gukora impapuro zikoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuzikoresha nabwo burakomeye. Gukora umuzingo usanzwe w'impapuro bisaba amazi menshi meza—akenshi agera kuri litiro 17—hamwe n'ingufu zikenewe mu gusya ibiti, gusiga ifu, no gutwara umusaruro wa nyuma. Uko ibi bikoresho bikoreshwa rimwe bibora munsi y'imyanda mu myanda, bisohora methane. Nubwo impapuro zikoreshwa zigomba gukoreshwa mu mirimo imwe n'imwe—nk'isukura imitobe y'inyama mbisi, ibyamenetse mu mazi, cyangwa imyanda yo kwa muganga—uburyo bwazo bwo "gukuraho imyanda" butuma zidakora neza mu gusukura ubuso buri munsi, kandi bukoreshwa cyane.

Imyenda yo mu Busuwede yo mu gikoni ugereranije n'impapuro zo mu gikoni

Gusuzuma ingaruka z'ibikoresho byo gusukura ku bidukikije n'ubukungu bisaba kureba kure y'igiciro cya mbere cyo kugura. Igereranya ry'ibicuruzwa ibikoresho bya selulose bishobora kongera gukoreshwa kandi inyandiko ikoreshwa rimwe igaragaza itandukaniro rigaragara mu kuramba, imikorere, n'ibiciro by'igihe kirekire.

Ingingo z'ingenzi zo kugereranya

Kugira ngo abaguzi bumve itandukaniro rifatika, bagomba gupima ibipimo bitandukanye by'imikorere. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira igaragaza itandukaniro ry'ibanze hagati y'ibipimo ngenderwaho igitambaro cyo gusangiriraho gishobora kubora n'amatawulo asanzwe y'impapuro afite udupira tubiri.

Iri gereranya rigaragaza ko mu gihe ikiguzi cy'ibanze cya umwenda ushobora kongera gukoreshwa Birenze kuri buri gikoresho, gukenera gusimbuza buri gihe biragabanuka cyane. Ku bakoresha cyane, baba ingo nini cyangwa ibikoni by'ubucuruzi, amafaranga azigama agenda yiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita. Guhindura impapuro zikoreshwa mu gihe runaka ukajya mu myenda ishobora kongera gukoreshwa bishobora kugabanya cyane amafaranga akoreshwa buri mwaka, akenshi bigakuraho ishoramari rya mbere mu byumweru bike bya mbere.

Ihindagurika ry'ubuzima

Gusesengura ubuzima bwose bw'ibicuruzwa byombi bigaragaza ko hari itandukaniro riri hagati y'ingaruka z'umusaruro w'ibanze n'imyanda ihoraho. Gukora uruvange rwa selulose n'ipamba bisaba ibikoresho by'ubuhinzi, amazi yo gutunganya, n'ingufu zo kuboha. Ariko, iki gikorwa cya mbere cy'ibidukikije kiragabanuka mu gihe cy'ubuzima gishobora kwihanganira ibihe byinshi byo koza imashini.

Ku rundi ruhande, amashuka y'impapuro asaba ko habaho uburyo buhoraho bwo gukuramo umutungo. Buri suka rito risukuwe n'igitambaro cy'impapuro risaba amazi meza yo gukurura no gutanga ingufu. Mu gusimbuza neza imizingo myinshi y'amashuka y'impapuro mu gihe cyose cyo kubaho kwayo, umwenda umwe wo muri Suwede bishobora gufasha kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere n'amazi akoreshwa mu kubungabunga ubuso bwa buri munsi.

Uko abaguzi bagomba gufata icyemezo

Guhindura impapuro zikoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuzikoresha ukajya mu zikoreshwa mu buryo bworoshye bisaba guhindura imyitwarire. Byaba ari ugucunga igikoni cy’urugo gihuze cyangwa gushyira ibikoresho mu nzu y’ubucuruzi, abakoresha bagomba gukurikiza gahunda z’ibanze zo kwita ku isuku kugira ngo barusheho kugira isuku no kuramba kw’ibicuruzwa.

Intambwe zifatika ku mazu n'ibikoresho

Ingo n'ibigo by'ubucuruzi bishobora kungukirwa na ibi bikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwaNubwo uburyo bwabo bushobora gutandukana. Ku bigo by'ubucuruzi, abaguzi bakunze gusuzuma abatanga ibicuruzwa bashingiye ku isuku y'ibikoresho n'uko biboneka ku bwinshi, rimwe na rimwe bagakoresha uburyo bw'amabara kugira ngo barebe ko imyenda ikoreshwa mu biryo bibisi igumanwa itandukanye n'ikoreshwa mu biribwa. Mu ngo, gushyiramo igitambaro cyo gusangiriraho amasahani kidahumanya ibidukikije Biroroshye nko kubika umuntu iruhande rw'isafuriya mu gihe yamenetse buri munsi, mu gihe ubika impapuro zo guhambira gusa mu mirimo nko gukora ku nyama mbisi cyangwa gusukura imyanda y'amatungo.

Kugira ngo bakomeze kugira isuku ihagije kandi birinde ko mikorobe zikura, abakoresha bagomba koza neza igitambaro n'amazi ashyushye nyuma ya buri gihe cyo kugikoresha kandi bakagireka kikanumuka burundu. Imiterere ya selulose ituma ubushuhe buhita bushira, ibi bikaba bifasha mu gukumira impumuro mbi.

Amaherezo, nubwo amashuka y'impapuro akomeje kuba igikoresho cy'ingenzi mu isuku yihariye n'isukura rishobora guteza akaga, ntabwo ari yo mahitamo yonyine yo kubungabunga muri rusange. Mu gushyiramo S mu buryo bwimbitse.Imyenda yo mu bwoko bwa Wedish mu bikorwa byo gusukura bya buri munsi, haba mu ngo no mu bigo by'ubucuruzi bishobora kugabanya cyane ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije no kugabanya ikiguzi cyabyo cy'igihe kirekire bitabangamiye imikorere.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Koresha ibitambaro byo mu gikoni bya Suwede mu guhanagura ibiryo bisanzwe kuko igitambaro kimwe gishobora kumara amezi menshi kandi kigasimbuza ibitambaro byinshi byo mu gikoni bikoreshwa rimwe.
• Hitamo imyenda yo gusana ikoreshwa mu gufumbira ifumbire n'ipamba, niba ari ngombwa, kuko ishobora kwangirika mu gufumbira ifumbire mu byumweru 6 kugeza kuri 8.
• Bika impapuro zo guhambiraho kugira ngo zitazahumanya imiterere y’inyama, imyanda ikomoka ku matungo, ibyamenetse mu mubiri, cyangwa isuku yanduye cyane.
• Mesa kandi wumishe ibitambaro byo mu Busuwisi buri gihe kugira ngo byongere igihe cyo kubaho no kugabanya impumuro mbi, kwiyongera kwa bagiteri, no gusimbuza bitari ngombwa.
• Gereranya ikiguzi cy'igihe kirekire aho kuba igiciro cyakoreshejwe, kuko imyenda ishobora kongera gukoreshwa ishobora kwihanganira gukaraba inshuro zigera kuri 200 mu gihe amashuka y'impapuro atabwa nyuma yo gukoreshwa rimwe.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Igitambaro cyo mu Busuwede gikozwe mu ki?

Igitambaro gisanzwe cyo mu Busuwisi gikozwe muri cellulose y’ibiti ingana na 70% na 30% by’ipamba. Iki gitambaro gikora igitambaro cyoroshye, kimeze nk’ikiponji, gishobora gukurura, kuramba, kongera gukoreshwa, kandi kikabasha gufumbira mu gihe cy’ubuzima bwacyo.

Ese ibitambaro byo mu Busuwisi byo mu gikoni biramba kurusha ibitambaro byo mu gikoni?

Yego, ku mirimo myinshi yo gusukura ya buri munsi. Ibitambaro byo mu Busuwede bishobora kongera gukoreshwa mu mezi menshi no kumeswa inshuro nyinshi, mu gihe ibitambaro byo mu mpapuro bikoreshwa rimwe gusa kandi akenshi bijya mu myanda nyuma yo gusukura ibiryo, amavuta cyangwa ibyamenetse.

Ibitambaro byo mu Busuwisi bikurura gute?

Ibitambaro byinshi byo mu Busuwede bishobora gukurura ibiro byabyo byumye inshuro 20. Ibyo bituma bigira akamaro mu guhanagura aho babika ibikoresho, kumisha amasahani, gusukura ibyamenetse, no gusimbuza impapuro nyinshi z'impapuro mu gihe cya buri munsi.

Ese ibitambaro byo mu Busuwisi bishobora gushyirwamo ifumbire?

Yego, iyo bikozwe muri cellulose karemano na ipamba nta nyongeramusaruro za pulasitiki zirimo. Mu gihe cyo gufumbira mu bucuruzi, bishobora kwangirika mu byumweru bigera kuri 6 kugeza kuri 8, nta bisigazwa bya pulasitiki bisigaye.

Igitambaro cyo mu Busuwede kimara igihe kingana iki?

Igitambaro cyo mu Busuwede gishobora kumara amezi menshi gifashwe neza kandi gishobora kwihanganira gukaraba inshuro zigera kuri 200. Igihe cyacyo cyo kuba kimaze giterwa n'inshuro cyo gusukura, uburyo cyo kumesa, ndetse no niba gikoreshwa ahantu hakomeye.