Impamvu ikomeye ituma amarido y'ibitaro akoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye ahindura imikorere y'ubuvuzi

Ishobora gutabwa amarido y'ibitaro Ihindura ibidukikije by’ubuvuzi mu buryo bw’ibanze. Batanga udushya twinshi mu kurwanya indwara ziterwa n’ubuvuzi (HAIs). HAIs igira ingaruka ku murwayi umwe kuri 31 wo mu bitaro muri Amerika, itwara miliyari buri mwaka. Iri hinduka, rishyigikiwe naabakora amarido yo mu bitaro, byongera cyane umutekano w'abarwayi n'imikorere myiza. Benshi muri bo amarido yo mu cyumba cy'ubuvuzi, harimo umwenda w'ubuzima bwite imiterere, ubu iragaragara amarido akoreshwa rimwe.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Amarido yo mu bitaro akoreshwa mu kujugunyamo imiyoboro abuza ikwirakwira rya mikorobe. Afite ibikoresho byihariye byica bagiteri, bigatuma ibitaro birushaho kuba byiza kuri buri wese.
• Iyi mitako yoroshye kuyihindura. Ibi bizigama umwanya n'amafaranga kuko ibitaro bidakenera kuyimesa. Ibi bifasha ibitaro gukora neza.
• Gukoresha Umwenda ukoreshwa mu kujugunyas bituma abarwayi n'abakozi bumva batekanye. Bazi ko ibitaro bifite isuku kandi bakora cyane kugira ngo birinde indwara.

Impinduka zihutirwa: Impamvu amarido y'ibitaro gakondo adakora neza

Ibidukikije gakondo by’ubuvuzi akenshi bishingiye ku buryo, nubwo byahoze ari ibisanzwe, ubu butanga imbogamizi zikomeye mu kurwanya ubwandu bwa none. By’umwihariko, imyenda gakondo y’ibitaro itera ibyago bikomeye. Akenshi iba ahantu ho kororokera indwara zangiza, ikagorana mu gukora isuku, kandi igateza imitwaro ihishe mu mikorere y’ibigo by’ubuvuzi. Kumenya izi nenge ni ingenzi kugira ngo dusobanukirwe imbaraga zihindura uburyo bwo gukoresha ubundi buryo bwo kwifashisha mu gihe runaka.

Amadirishya y'ibitaro gakondo nk'aho ari ibigega by'indwara bitagaragara

Amarido asanzwe yo mu bitaro, yagenewe abarwayi kwiherera, mu buryo butamenyekanye aba ahantu hanini ho kubika udukoko twangiza. Izi mbogamizi zo mu myenda, akenshi zikorwaho n'abantu benshi, zihita zigabanyiriza ubwoko butandukanye bw'udukoko duterwa n'ubuvuzi. Ubushakashatsi buhora bwerekana ko ubwandu bwihuse. Urugero, abashakashatsi basanze 92% by'amarido asanzwe yo mu bitaro yagaragaje ubwandu bwa bagiteri zitera indwara nka MRSA na VRE mu cyumweru kimwe gusa nyuma yo gukoreshwa.

Ubwoko bw'udukoko tuboneka kuri ubu buso burateye impungenge. Ingaruka zikunze kugaragara ni Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) idashobora kwangirika kwa Methicillin na Enterococcus (VRE) idashobora kwangirika kwa Vancomycin. Izindi bagiteri zagaragaye zirimo Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp, hamwe n'uduti twa gram-negative aerobic. Utu dukoko dushobora kubaho ku myenda igihe kirekire. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwagaragaje ko 87% by'amashuka asanzwe yo mu bitaro yanduye MRSA nyuma y'iminsi 14 gusa ikoreshwa. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwuzuye, bwasesenguye ingero 1.521 zavuye mu mashuka y'ibanga, bwagaragaje ko 22% byagaragaye ko bifite udukoko twihanganira imiti myinshi (MDROs). Muri izi MDRO, enterococci irwanya vancomycin (VRE) yagaragaye muri 13.8% by'udukoko, bagiteri zirwanya imiti muri 6.2%, na methicillin irwanya Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) kuri 4.9%. Uku kugaragara kwa bagiteri zangiza igihe kirekire bigaragaza uruhare runini rw'amadirishya gakondo mu kwanduzanya kwa virusi.

Amabwiriza adakora neza yo gusukura imyenda y'ibitaro

Amabwiriza yo gusukura imyenda isanzwe yo mu bitaro akenshi ntagera ku byo bikenewe kugira ngo hirindwe ikwirakwira ry’udukoko. Nta gipimo rusange cy’inshuro ibigo nderabuzima bigomba gusukura iyi mitako. Ibigo bitandukanye by’ubuvuzi bikoresha uburyo butandukanye bitewe n’ibyo bakeneye, aho biherereye, inshuro byakira, n’ibyakwanduza. Amabwiriza agaragaza impinduka zihuse ku mitako igaragara nk’iyanduye ndetse no ku bari mu kato iyo abarwayi bamaze kugenda. Ku barwayi bakomeza, impinduka cyangwa inama zitangwa n’amatsinda ashinzwe kurwanya ubwandu ni ibintu bisanzwe. Ariko, aya mabwiriza ntabwo ahora akurikizwa buri gihe cyangwa ngo abe ahagije.

Imbogamizi nyinshi zibuza isuku neza. Imyenda y'amarido iragoye; ifata byoroshye imyanda nk'umukungugu, umwanda na bagiteri, uburyo rusange bwo gusukura budashobora gukuraho neza. Ibigo nderabuzima bisukura amarido asanzwe y'ibitaro gake cyane ugereranyije n'ahantu hakomeye, bigatuma ahumana cyane. Abakozi, abarwayi, n'abashyitsi bahura kenshi bituma bongera kwanduzwa vuba, kuko abantu bakunze gukora ku marido nta gapfundikizo. Byongeye kandi, ibikorwa byo gusukura mu nzu akenshi bibanda ku hantu hakomeye cyane, akenshi birengagiza isuku yihariye isabwa ku marido. Uku kwirengagiza gutuma bagiteri, nka MRSA, ziguma ku buso bw'imyenda igihe kirekire, bigatuma amarido yongera kwanduzwa vuba ndetse na nyuma yo gusukurwa.

Umutwaro wihishe w'imikorere y'amarido y'ibitaro ashobora kongera gukoreshwa

Uretse ibyago byo kwandura, imyenda yo mu bitaro ishobora kongera gukoreshwa ishyira umutwaro ukomeye mu bikorwa by’ubuvuzi. Kuyibungabunga bisaba inzira igoye kandi isaba ibikoresho byinshi. Igihe cyo kumara imyenda myiza iboshywe ni imyaka icumi, ariko ubu buzima burambye bujyana no gusukura buri gihe. Urugero, mu Bwongereza, imyenda ishobora kongera gukoreshwa isaba gusukurwa kuri dogere 60 nibura buri mezi atandatu, kandi ako kanya iyo yanduye. Amabwiriza ya Ositaraliya aratandukanye bitewe n’ahantu hashobora kwangirika, kuva ku guhinduka ako kanya mu turere dufite ibyago byinshi kugeza ku gusukurwa buri mwaka mu turere dufite ibyago bike.

Uburyo bwo kumesa imyenda ubwabwo butwara umutungo mwinshi. Gusukura imyenda yo mu bitaro ishobora kongera gukoreshwa bisaba amazi menshi, bigatuma amazi yanduye aboneka angana n’ayo. Nubwo haba hari uburyo bwo gutunganya no kongera gukoresha amazi yanduye, igikorwa cyo kumesa imyenda gisaba gukoresha ingufu nyinshi. Nubwo imyenda ishobora kongera gukoreshwa itanga ubuzima burebure n’inyungu zimwe na zimwe ku bidukikije kurusha ingano y’imyanda ikoreshwa mu gihe cy’imyanda, uburyo bwo kumesa imyenda butwara umutungo mwinshi. Bukoresha ingufu nyinshi n’amazi kandi bukongera amazi yanduye menshi ku bidukikije ugereranije n’andi akoreshwa mu gihe cy’imyanda ikoreshwa mu gihe cy’imyanda. Uru rugendo ruhoraho rwo gukuraho, kumesa no kongera gushyiramo imyenda byongera ikiguzi cy’abakozi, ingorane mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho, n’ingaruka ku bidukikije, bigatuma ibigo byinshi bitagira icyo bireba.

Ingaruka z'impinduramatwara z'amarido y'ibitaro akoreshwa mu buryo butazwi

Amarido yo mu bitaro akoreshwa mu kuvura agaragara nk'intambwe ikomeye mu isuku no mu mikorere myiza. Akemura ibibazo by'amarido gakondo atanga ibintu bigezweho n'uburyo bworoshye bwo kuyakoresha. Ubu buryo bushya buhindura cyane uburyo ibigo bikora ibikorwa byo gucunga ibyago byo kwandura no kubungabunga ibidukikije bisukuye.

Imiterere ihanitse yo kurwanya mikorobe mu mashuka yo mu bitaro akoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye

Akamaro k'ingenzi k'amarido yo mu bitaro akoreshwa mu gihe runaka ni uko afite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya mikorobe mu buryo buhanitse. Abakora aya marido bashushanya ibikoresho bibuza gukura no gukwirakwira kwa bagiteri, ibihumyo n'utundi dukoko. Ubu buryo bwo kwirinda indwara bugabanya cyane umutwaro w'udukoko mu barwayi.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwagaragaje ko igabanuka rikomeye ry’uduce twitwa bagiteri (CFU/cm²) ku mwenda urinda Fantex wo kurinda ubuzima bwite bw’umuntu urwanya bagiteri. Nyuma y’amasaha 24 yo kwanduzwa na bagiteri zitandukanye, harimo Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, MRSA, n'ibinyabuzima bitanga imiterere miremire (Escherichia coli cyangwa Klebsiella pneumoniae), izi myenda zagaragaje igabanuka rigaragara ugereranije n’imyenda isanzwe yo mu bwiherero. Byongeye kandi, igipimo cy’ubwandu bw’ibidukikije hamwe n’ubwoko bwinshi bwa bagiteri cyari gito cyane ku myenda ya Fantex nyuma y’amezi abiri ikoreshwa mu ishami ry’ubutabazi bw’ibanze.

Amakuru agaragaza neza iyi ntego:

Uku kugabanuka gukomeye kwa bagiteri bisobanura neza ko ibidukikije birangwa n'umutekano ku barwayi n'abakozi.

Guhuza neza no gusimbuza vuba amarido y'ibitaro ashobora gukoreshwa

Amarido yo mu bitaro ashobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butagereranywa atanga uburyo bworoshye bwo guhuza no gusimbuza, binoza cyane imikorere y'ibitaro. Ibigo nderabuzima bishobora guhinduranya aya marido mu gihe kitarenze umunota umwe iyo abakozi bakoresheje ibikoresho nka Grabber tool. Uyu muvuduko wongera cyane igipimo cy'ubwikorezi bw'abarwayi mu cyumba.

Ibyiza by'ibikoresho by'izi sisitemu zo gusimbuza vuba ni byinshi:

• Gushyiramo byihuse: Abakozi bashobora guhinduranya amarido akoreshwa mu gihe gito bakoresheje sisitemu yo guhinduranya vuba, bigatuma bagabanya igihe cy'agaciro.
• Kugabanuka k'umurimo: Bikuraho uburyo bwinshi bwo gufata, kumesa no kongera gushyiramo imyenda bukenewe ku myenda gakondo.
• Ibikorwa byoroshye: Abakozi bashobora gusimbuza amarido vuba batabangamiye imirimo ya buri munsi, birinda gutinda mu kwita ku barwayi guterwa n'ingengabihe ikomeye yo gusukura.
• Gukuraho isuku igoyeBitandukanye n'amarido y'imyenda akenera kumesa kenshi ku bushyuhe bwinshi no ku gihe cyo kuyihindura vuba, amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha arasimburwa gusa, bigatuma imbogamizi zo kumesa imyenda zigabanuka.

Izi sisitemu zitanga kandi inyungu z'inyongera:

• Byoroshye kandi byoroshye gushyiramo: Iyi miterere yorohereza gusimbuza vuba.
• Ihendutse ku giciro: Bigabanya amafaranga yo kumesa imyenda n'abakozi ajyanye n'amarido gakondo.
• Bikuraho gahunda zo gusukura: Bikuraho gahunda zikomeye, zitwara igihe kinini kandi zihenze zo gusukura imyenda gakondo.

Kongera uburyo bwo kurwanya indwara hakoreshejwe amarido yo mu bitaro rimwe

Amadirishya yo mu bitaro akoreshwa rimwe ni inkingi y'ingenzi mu ngamba zigezweho zo kurwanya ubwandu. Atanga ingamba zo kwirinda ubwandu buterwa n'ubuvuzi (HAIs) binyuze mu kubungabunga ibidukikije bihora bisukuye.

Amarido yo kwa muganga akoreshwa mu kuvura indwara ya HAI afasha mu kugabanya ububabare bw'umubiri mu buryo butandukanye:

• Bikuraho ibyago byo kwanduzanya kw'ibiyobyabwenge.
• Bigabanya umutwaro wo guhora umuntu amesa imyenda.
• Binongera imikorere myiza y'ibitaro.
• Ni ingamba zo kurwanya ubwandu vuba.

Ibigo nderabuzima bigomba gushyiraho amabwiriza asobanutse yo gusimbuza aya mashuka kugira ngo arusheho kugira akamaro. Birasabwa cyane ko amashuka yo mu bitaro akoreshwa rimwe na rimwe ahindurwa buri mezi atandatu, itariki yo kuyashyiraho ikaba yanditswe neza ku mashuka.

Ahantu hahariye ho kwa muganga akenshi hasaba impinduka nyinshi:

• Ibipimo ntarengwa bya CDC: Nibura rimwe mu kwezi.
• Gusimbuza ako kanya: Birakenewe kugira ngo haboneke umwanda, umwanda, kwangirika, cyangwa gukora ku maraso/amazi y'umubiri.
• Ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa n'impanuka nyinshi (ICU, Ibyumba byo kwigunga): Utu duce dushobora gusaba impinduka nyinshi, rimwe na rimwe buri cyumweru, bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’ingaruka mbi no kuba twanduzwa.
• Gahunda zihariye: Ibitaro bikunze gushyiraho gahunda zijyanye n'ingaruka z'ibitaro n'imibare y'abarwayi.

Dore ubuyobozi rusange ku nshuro zo gusimbuza:

Inyungu zigaragara: Uburyo amarido y'ibitaro akoreshwa mu kuvura azamura ubuvuzi

Amarido yo mu bitaro ashobora gukoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe atanga inyungu zikomeye. Atuma umurwayi arushaho kugira umutekano, akoroshya imikorere ye, kandi akarushaho kugira icyizere mu bijyanye n’ubuvuzi. Izi nyungu zituma aba igice cy’ingenzi cy’ingamba zigezweho zo kurwanya ubwandu.

Kurandura ibyago byo kwandura hakoreshejwe amarido yo mu bitaro ashobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butazwi

Amashuka yo mu bitaro akoreshwa mu kujugunyamo imyenda agabanya cyane ibyago byo kwanduzwa n'abandi. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko gukoresha amashuka yo mu bitaro akoreshwa mu kujugunyamo imyenda bishobora gutuma umubare w'abandura ugabanuka kugeza kuri 30%. Ibi byongera umutekano w'ibitaro no kurwanya ubwandu. Amashuka menshi yo mu bitaro akoreshwa mu kujugunyamo imyenda akoreshwa mu kujugunyamo imyenda akoreshwa mu kujugunyamo imyenda akoreshwa mu kugurishamo imiti akoreshwa mu kugurishamo imiti. Amashuka menshi yo mu bitaro akoreshwa mu kujugunyamo imyenda akoreshwa mu kugurishamo imiti akoreshwa mu kugurishamo imiti akoreshwa mu kugurishamo imiti akoreshwa mu kugurishamo imiti.

Kunoza imicungire y'ibigo no kugabanya ikiguzi cy'abakozi

Amarido yo mu bitaro ashobora gukoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe yoroshya imicungire y'inyubako kandi agagabanya ikiguzi cy'abakozi. Bikuraho gukenera uburyo bwinshi bwo kumesa. Ibi bizigama umutungo munini mu mazi, ingufu, n'abakozi. Nubwo amafaranga yakoreshejwe mbere yo gukoresha amarido yo mu mazi asa n'ayo mu mazi ashobora gukoreshwa, birahendutse mu gihe kirekire. Bikuraho isuku isaba akazi kenshi no gusukura burundu isabwa ku marido yo kongera gukoreshwa. Amarido yo mu mazi kandi yoroshya ububiko bw'ibikoresho. Akenshi aza mu ngano imwe (66”x 105”). Adaptateri z'inkoni zifata uburebure butandukanye bw'igisenge, bigatuma ikoreshwa rimwe mu mashami yose. Ibirango kuri buri rido ry'ibitaro byoroshya gukurikirana amatariki yo gushyiraho. Ibi binoza imicungire y'ibikoresho kandi bikubahiriza politiki yo gusukura.

Kongera icyizere ku isuku y'ibitaro ku murwayi n'abakozi

Amashuka yo mu bitaro akoreshwa mu kujugunyamo imyenda afasha abakozi bo mu bitaro gukomeza gukorera ahantu hatekanye. Agabanya cyane ibyago byo gukwirakwiza indwara hagati y’abarwayi n’abakozi. Amashuka yo mu myenda gakondo ashobora kubamo udukoko ndetse na nyuma yo kumesa. Amashuka yo mu myenda akoreshwa rimwe, akoreshwa rimwe, arinda ibi. Imiterere yayo yo kurwanya mikorobe ibuza mikorobe gukura. Ibi bitanga ahantu hasukuye ku bakozi bo mu bitaro. Imiterere yo gukoreshwa mu kujugunyamo imyenda ikoreshwa rimwe ikuraho akamaro ko kwita ku myenda ishobora kwandura. Ibi bigabanya igihe n’umutungo mu gihe bigabanya ibyago byo kwandura. Gukoresha amashuka yo mu myenda bifasha ibigo gukurikiza amabwiriza akomeye yo kurwanya indwara. Ibi bigaragaza ko byitaye ku mutekano ku barwayi ndetse n’abakozi.

Amarido yo mu bitaro akoreshwa mu kuvura akoreshwa mu buryo bwa kijyambere ni ingenzi cyane mu isuku y’ubuvuzi igezweho. Agaragaza ishoramari rikomeye mu mutekano w’abarwayi no mu mikorere myiza. Ibigo byibanda kuri ubu bushya bitanga icyizere cy’ejo hazaza h’ubuvuzi bufite ubuzima bwiza kandi butekanye. Ubu buryo bugezweho bwo kwita ku marido yo mu bitaro buhindura imikorere y’abarwayi no kwita ku mikorere myiza.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni gute amarido yo mu bitaro akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha arinda kwandura?

Amashuka akoreshwa mu kujugunyamo imyenda afite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya mikorobe. Ubu buryo bubuza cyane gukura kwa virusi. Gusimbuza buri gihe bikuraho ubuso bwanduye, bigabanya cyane ibyago byo kwanduzwa n'ibindi.

Ese amarido yo mu bitaro akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha ahendutse kurusha ayo ashobora kongera gukoreshwa?

Yego, ni byo. Amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo gusana akuraho ikiguzi cyo kumesa, akazi ko gusukura no kongera gushyiramo ibikoresho. Ibi byoroshya imicungire y'inyubako kandi bigabanya amafaranga akoreshwa mu mikorere muri rusange.

Ni izihe ngaruka zo gukoresha amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha rimwe gusa ku bidukikije?

Abakora bakunze gushushanya imyenda ikoreshwa mu gukoresha ibikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Imikoreshereze yayo igabanya amazi n'ingufu bikoreshwa mu kumesa imyenda ishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Ibi bigabanya ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije.