Impamvu amarido yo mu bitaro akoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye ari ngombwa mu buvuzi bwa none muri Amerika na Kanada

Ishobora gutabwa amarido y'ibitaro ni ingenzi mu kurwanya ubwandu mu nzego z'ubuvuzi. Ibiamarido y'ubuzima bwite bw'ibitaro bibera imbogamizi ikomeye, bikarinda ikwirakwira ry'indwara ziterwa n'ubuvuzi. Mu gihe ibitaro biharanira kubahiriza amahame y'isuku yo hejuru, ibisubizo nka amarido yo mu bitaro akoreshwa rimwe gusa biba ngombwa cyane. Ibisabwa kuri ibi amarido yo kwa muganga akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kurwanya ubwandu iri kwiyongera, iterwa inkunga no kwibanda cyane ku kubungabunga ibidukikije bisukuye kandi bitekanye.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Amarido yo mu bitaro akoreshwa mu kuvura agabanya cyane ibyago byo kwandura binyuze mu gutanga uruzitiro rushya kuri buri murwayi, birinda kwanduzanya.
• Izi rideau zirahendutse, zikuraho amafaranga yo kumesa imyenda kandi zinoza imikorere myiza mu bigo nderabuzima.
• Umwenda ukoreshwa mu kujugunyabubahiriza amahame y’ubuvuzi akomeye, baharanira umutekano w’abarwayi n’ubuzima bwite bwabo ariko bakongera isuku muri rusange mu bijyanye n’ubuvuzi.

Indwara n'amarido bifitanye isano n'ubuvuzi

Ingaruka z'ubwandu zifitanye isano n'amarido y'ibitaro

Amashuka yo mu bitaro akunze gukoreshwa nk'ahantu hirengagijwe mu bitaro, nyamara ashobora kuba afite ubwoko butandukanye bw'udukoko. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko amashuka arenga 20% ava mu mashuka yo mu buzima bwite bw'abarwayi mu bigo by'ubuvuzi by'abahanga yagaragaye ko afite udukoko twinshi tudakira imiti (MDRO). Urugero, isesengura rikomeye ryakozwe ku bipimo 1.521 byaturutse mu bigo bya Michigan ryagaragaje ko 22% by'amashuka yari arimo MDRO, harimo na vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) muri 13.8% by'amashuka na Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) idakira methicillin muri 4.9%.

Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi ku kwanduzwa kw'amarido:

• Igipimo cy'ubwandu: 22% by'ibipimo by'amarido byagaragaye ko bifite MDRO.
• Indwara zisanzwe zitera indwara: VRE yabonetse muri 13.8% by'imico, MRSA iboneka kuri 4.9%.
• Kwanduzanya kw'umurwayi n'igitambaro: 15.7% by'abarwayi barwaye indwara ya MDRO imwe haba ku murwayi ndetse no ku gitambaro.
• Inshuro zo gusukura: Amashuka asukurwa gake cyane, bigatuma habaho kwanduzanya.

Gusukura imyenda gakondo bidakunze kwiyongera byongera ibyago byo kwandura indwara. Uko ubwo buso bukomeza kwiyongera, buhinduka intandaro zo kwanduzanya abarwayi n'abakozi bo mu rwego rw'ubuzima.

Uburyo amarido yo mu bitaro akoreshwa mu kuvura indwara z'udukoko

Amashuka yo mu bitaro ashobora gukoreshwa rimwe gusa atanga igisubizo cyihutirwa ku ngaruka zandura zijyanye n'amashuka gakondo. Imiterere yayo ikoreshwa rimwe gusa ikuraho amahirwe yo kwandura ibisigazwa, bigatuma buri murwayi abona uruzitiro rushya. Ubu buryo bugabanya cyane amahirwe yo kwandura indwara zitandukanye.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko imyenda ikoreshwa rimwe ishobora kwangiza uruhererekane rw'udukoko twanduzanya. Urugero, akenshi ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya mikorobe bubuza mikorobe gukura. Mu buryo bunyuranye, imyenda gakondo ishobora kuba irimo mikorobe zandura ndetse na nyuma yo gusukurwa.

Mu gusimbuza buri gihe imyenda ikoreshwa rimwe, ibigo nderabuzima bishobora gukomeza kugabanya umubare w’udukoko twanduye, bityo bikongera isuku muri rusange. Ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko ibitaro bikoresha imyenda ikoreshwa rimwe byagabanutse cyane mu mibare y’udukoko, bigatuma umutekano w’abarwayi urushaho kwiyongera no kurwanya ubwandu.

Amarido yo mu bitaro ashobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butazwi ni iki?

Ibiranga by'ingenzi n'ibikoresho byakoreshejwe

Amashuka yo mu bitaro akoreshwa mu kujugunyamo imyenda agizwe ahanini n'ibikoresho byihariye byagenewe kunoza uburyo bwo kurwanya ubwandu n'umutekano mu bitaro. Abakora ibikoresho bakoresha cyane cyane polypropylene idakozwe mu budodo, itanga ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kwirinda ko mikorobe zinjira. Ibi bikoresho kandi bituma byoroha kubijugunya, bigabanya ibyago byo kwandura indwara ziterwa n'ibitaro. Amashuka menshi arimo imiti yica udukoko ibuza mikorobe n'udukoko gukura ku buso bwazo, birushaho kunoza isuku.

Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura burimo irangi ritangiza umuriro rikurikiza amabwiriza akomeye yo kwirinda inkongi nka NFPA 701. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bugabanya igihe nyuma y’umuriro n’uburebure bwawo, bigatuma amarido adatera imbere mu gukwirakwira kw’umuriro mu bitaro. Amarido amwe na amwe akoreshwa mu gutwika amarido afite udushya nko kwirukana arukoro no kwirinda guhagarara, binongera uburinzi mu bice bishobora guteza akaga.

Izindi myenda isanzwe irimo imyenda ya polyester na vinyl, ituma iramba kandi idashobora guterwa n'amazi. Iyi miterere ihuriweho ifasha gukumira bagiteri na virusi byangiza ku buso bw'imyenda, bigatuma ibidukikije bikomeza kumererwa neza ku barwayi n'abakozi bo mu rwego rw'ubuzima.

Ibikoresho by'ingenzi n'ibiranga:

• Polypropylene idaboshye yo kugabanya no gukuraho udukoko
• Inyongeramusaruro zirwanya mikorobe kugira ngo zigabanye ukwiyongera kw'udukoko
• Uburyo bwo kuvura inkongi z'umuriro bwujuje ibisabwa na NFPA 701
• Imyenda ya polyester na vinyl irakomeye kandi irinda amazi
• Indabyo zirinda inzoga kandi zirinda imihindagurikire kugira ngo zirusheho kurinda

Ibyiza Ugereranyije n'Amakarito gakondo

Amashuka yo mu bitaro ashobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bwa "meseji" atanga ibyiza byinshi ugereranije n'amashuka yo mu gitambaro gakondo, cyane cyane mu bijyanye no kurwanya no kubungabunga ubwandu. Amashuka gakondo asaba kozwa kenshi cyangwa gusimburwa kugira ngo huzuzwe amahame y'isuku. Ariko, ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ku munsi wa 14, 87.5% by'amashuka yo mu gitambaro yagaragaye ko yanduye MRSA, bigaragaza ko bigoye kubungabunga isuku. Mu buryo bunyuranye, amashuka yo mu gitambaro akuraho gukenera kozwa binyuze mu gutanga uruzitiro rushya kandi rudafite umwanda kuri buri murwayi.

Kubungabunga imyenda gakondo bisaba kuyikoresha n'intoki, kongera aho ifata ndetse n'ibyago byo kwandura. Imitako ikoreshwa rimwe igabanya ibi byago binyuze mu kuyihindura vuba idakoreshejwe cyane. Imiterere yayo ikoreshwa rimwe kandi igabanya umutwaro wa bagiteri mu bice by'abarwayi, bigatuma habaho kurwanya ubwandu neza.

Ibitaro byo muri Amerika na Kanada nabyo bigira uruhare mu gutuma imyenda ikoreshwa rimwe ihura n’amabwiriza agenga umutekano w’abarwayi nka amabwiriza y’umutekano w’abarwayi ya The Joint Commission n’amategeko agenga ubuzima bwite bwa HIPAA. Iyi mitako itanga uburinzi bw’umubiri ku buzima bw’abarwayi mu gihe byoroshya iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko agenga umutekano w’inkongi n’uburyo bwo kurwanya ubwandu.

Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo kujugunya imyanda no kuyicunga bujyanye n'intego zo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Ibikoresho byinshi bishobora kongera gukoreshwa hamwe n'indi myanda ya polypropylene ikoreshwa mu buvuzi, bigagabanya ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije bitabangamiye umutekano.

Muri rusange, amarido y’ibitaro akoreshwa rimwe na rimwe atuma imikorere irushaho kuba myiza, agabanya ibyago byo kwandura, kandi agashyigikira iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko, bigatuma aba amahitamo meza ku bigo nderabuzima bigezweho.

Ibyiza Bifatika by'Amarido yo mu Bitaro Akoreshwa mu Gukoresha Ingufu Zisanzwe

Kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura no kongera isuku

Amashuka yo mu bitaro akoreshwa mu buryo bwa "metallice" agira uruhare runini mu kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura mu bigo by’ubuvuzi. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko aya mashuka agumana igipimo cya "zero" cyo kwandura nyuma y’ibyumweru 20 akoreshejwe. Ibinyuranye n’ibyo, amashuka asanzwe agaragaza igipimo gitangaje cya 92% mu cyumweru kimwe gusa. Iri tandukaniro rigaragara rigaragaza akamaro k’amashuka yo mu bitaro akoreshwa mu buryo bwa "metallice" mu kunoza amahame y’isuku.

• Amashuka akoreshwa mu kujugunyamo imyenda atanga uruzitiro rwiza kuri buri murwayi, bigabanya cyane ukwiyongera kwa bagiteri.
• Bikuraho ibyago byo kwanduzwa n'amadirishya ashobora kongera gukoreshwa, akenshi aba afite udukoko twangiza nka MRSA na VRE.
• Imiterere y’imiti irwanya udukoko mu mwenda umwe n’umwe ikoreshwa rimwe na rimwe ibuza bagiteri zangiza kwiyongera, bigatuma habaho kurwanya ubwandu.

Mu bice bifite ibyago byinshi nko mu byumba byita ku barwayi barembye cyane (ICU) no mu byumba by’ubutabazi bw’ibanze, hakenewe uburyo bwo kugenzura neza ubwandu. Amashuka yo mu bitaro akoreshwa mu kuvura indwara yagenewe gusimburwa burundu, bigatuma indwara zitakomeza kubaho ku mwenda. Iyi miterere ni ingenzi cyane mu kubungabunga ibidukikije bitekanye ku barwayi batishoboye.

Uburyo bwo Kugabanya Ikiguzi no Kunoza Imikorere

Gushora imari mu kugura amarido yo mu bitaro ashobora gukoreshwa mu gihe gito bishobora gutuma ibigo nderabuzima bizigama amafaranga menshi kandi bigatuma imikorere myiza irushaho kunozwa. Amarido asanzwe akenera gusanwa cyane, harimo no kumesa no gukaraba, bishobora gutwara igihe kinini kandi bigatwara n'abakozi benshi.

• Abakozi bo mu bitaro bikomeye bavuga ko imikorere myiza y’akazi yazamutse bitewe no gukoresha amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha. Urugero, Ikigo cy’ubuvuzi cya City Medical Center cyagabanutse igihe cyo gusukura no kuyasukura hagati y’ibikorwa, bigatuma umubare w’abarwayi uzamuka.
• Amarido asanzwe akunze gufata iminota 30 kugira ngo akurweho cyangwa asimburwe, bigatuma abakozi bahura n’ibibazo by’umutekano. Mu buryo bunyuranye, amarido akoreshwa rimwe na rimwe yoroshya ubu buryo, bigatuma habaho impinduka zihuse kandi bikagabanya ibyago byo kwandura.

Ingaruka z'imari mu gihe kirekire nazo zishyigikira amahitamo yo gukoresha mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha. Nubwo ikiguzi cyo gukoresha mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha mbere gishobora kuba gito ku mashuka yo gukoresha mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha, ikiguzi cyo gukoresha mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha gishobora kuba gitohotseho 50% bitewe n'amafaranga ahoraho yo kumesa no kuyatunganya.

Gukurikiza amahame ngenderwaho y'ubuvuzi n'uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu

Amarido yo mu bitaro akoreshwa mu gihe cyo gusana afasha ibigo nderabuzima kubahiriza amabwiriza akaze yo kurwanya ubwandu n'amabwiriza agenga umutekano. Yujuje amabwiriza yashyizweho n'imiryango nka The Joint Commission, igenzura ko ibitaro bikurikiza amahame y'isuku yo hejuru.

Uburyo bwo guhindura amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha butuma ibikoresho bihura n'ibyo umuntu akeneye n'ibyo akunda. Ibitaro bishobora guhitamo ibintu bitandukanye, birimo:

Ubu buryo bwo guhindura imiterere y'umubiri ntabwo bwongera ubwiza bw'ibidukikije by'ubuvuzi gusa, ahubwo bunatanga ubuzima bwite bw'ingenzi mu gihe cyo kuvurwa. Mu kugabanya ibirangaza amaso, imyenda yihariye ishobora gufasha kugabanya imihangayiko n'ihungabana ku barwayi, bigatuma ubuvuzi burushaho kuba bwiza.

Muri rusange, inyungu zifatika zo gukoresha amarido yo mu bitaro akoreshwa rimwe gusa ntizigarukira ku kurwanya ubwandu. Zigira uruhare mu mikorere myiza, kubahiriza amahame y’ubuvuzi, no guhindura ibidukikije kugira ngo bihuze n’ibyo umurwayi akeneye.

Amashuka yo kwa muganga akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha ni ishoramari rikomeye mu kunoza umutekano w'abarwayi no kurwanya ubwandu. Atanga inyungu nyinshi, zirimo:

1. Gusimbuza vuba nyuma ya buri murwayi, bigabanya kwandura kw'udukoko.
2. Udupira duto dukingira mikorobe tubuza gukura kwa bagiteri, tukagabanya umutwaro w’ibinyabuzima.
3. Gukuraho ikiguzi cyo kumesa imyenda, kugabanya ibyago by'abakozi n'ibyangiza.

Abatanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi muri Amerika na Kanada bagomba gushyira imbere gukoresha izi ride kugira ngo barusheho kunoza ireme ry'ubuvuzi n'imikorere myiza.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni iki gituma imyenda yo mu bitaro ikoreshwa rimwe iba myiza mu kurwanya ubwandu?

Amashuka akoreshwa mu isuku atanga uruzitiro rushya kandi rudafite umwanda kuri buri murwayi, bigabanya ukwiyongera kw'udukoko n'ibyago byo kwanduzanya ugereranije n'amashuka ashobora kongera gukoreshwa.

Ese amarido yo mu bitaro akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha ahendutse ku bigo nderabuzima?

Yego, bigabanya ikiguzi cyo kumesa no kubungabunga, binoza imikorere myiza y'akazi, kandi bigagabanya ikiguzi giterwa no kwandura nubwo amafaranga atangwa mbere y'igihe ari menshi.

Ese amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha akurikiza amahame y'umutekano mu by'ubuvuzi?

Amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo gutwika akurikiza amabwiriza agenga umutekano w'inkongi y'umuriro n'amategeko agenga kurwanya ubwandu, harimo amabwiriza ya NFPA 701 na The Joint Commission, agamije kurinda umutekano w'umurwayi n'ubuzima bwite bwe.

Ikirego

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