Guhuza Ikiguzi n'Umutekano: Impamvu Ibitaro byinshi birimo guhindura amadirishya akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha

Indwara ziterwa n'ubuvuzi (HAIs) ziteje akaga gakomeye mu bitaro. Buri mwaka, HAI zigera kuri miliyoni 4.8 ziboneka mu bitaro byita ku barwayi barwaye indwara yihuse hirya no hino mu Burayi. Mu bihugu bikize, abarwayi bagera kuri 7 kuri buri 100 barwara nibura HAI imwe mu gihe bari mu bitaro. Izi ndwara zituma amafaranga yo kuvura HAI agabanuka buri mwaka, kuva kuri miliyari 28.4 z'amadolari kugeza kuri miliyari 45 z'amadolari muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibitaro birushaho gukoresha iyi miti. amarido yo kwa muganga akoreshwa mu gusana na amarido y'ibitaro guteza imbere umutekano no kugabanya ibiciro. Ikoreshwa rya amarido yo mu bwoko bwa cubicle akoreshwa mu gusanan'amarido yo mu bitaro arimo ararushaho kugaragara, kuko afasha kubungabunga ibidukikije bisukuye. Byongeye kandi, Amadirishya yo kwa muganga bigira uruhare runini mu kurwanya ubwandu, bigatuma biba ingenzi mu kurwanya indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo gukoresha imashini agabanya cyane ibyago byo kwandura indwara ziterwa n'ubuvuzi (HAIs) binyuze mu gutanga igisubizo cy'isuku kandi gikoreshwa rimwe gusa.
• Guhindura ujya kuri Umwenda ukoreshwa mu kujugunyabishobora gutumakuzigama byinshi mu gihe kirekire ku bitaro hakurwaho ikiguzi gihoraho cyo kubungabunga imyenda isanzwe.
• Ibitaro bishobora kunoza umutekano w’abarwayi no kubahiriza amabwiriza y’ubuzima binyuze mu gusimbuza buri gihe amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha, cyane cyane mu bice bishobora guteza akaga nko mu byumba byita ku barwayi barembye cyane.

Gusobanukirwa indwara ziterwa n'ubuvuzi (HAIs)

Ingaruka za HAI ku mutekano w'umurwayi

Indwara ziterwa n’ubuvuzi (HAIs) zibangamira cyane umutekano w’abarwayi. Izi ndwara zishobora gutera ingorane zikomeye, kumara igihe kirekire mu bitaro, ndetse n’umubare w’impfu wiyongera. Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC) kivuga ko abarwayi bagera kuri miliyoni 1.7 bari mu bitaro bandura HAIs buri mwaka, aho abarenga 98.000 muri bo bahitanwa n’indwara zabo.

Ubwoko busanzwe bwa HAI burimo:

• Indwara ziterwa n'imiyoboro y'inkari zifitanye isano na catheter (CAUTI)
• Indwara zo mu maraso zifitanye isano n'umurongo wo hagati (CLABSI)
• Ubwiyongere bwa Clostridioides difficile (C. diff)
• Indwara zo mu maraso za Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) zirwanya Methicillin
• Ubwandu bw'aho umuntu abagwa (SSI)

Kuba hari izi ndwara bishobora gutuma abantu bamara igihe kinini mu bitaro. Urugero, abarwayi bari mu byumba byita ku barwayi barembye cyane (ICU) bakunze kugira ibibazo byinshi bya HAI, aho bagera kuri 30% by’abarwayi bibasiwe. Ibi ntibigira ingaruka ku gukira kw’abarwayi gusa ahubwo binashyiramo imbaraga nyinshi ku buvuzi.

Umutwaro w'amafaranga wa HAIs ku bitaro

Ingaruka z'imari za HAI ziratangaje cyane. Amafaranga y'ubuvuzi akoreshwa buri mwaka mu kuvura izi ndwara mu bitaro byo muri Amerika ari hagati ya miliyari 28.4 z'amadolari kugeza kuri miliyari 33.8 z'amadolari. Amafaranga ahinduka ashobora kwiyongera akagera kuri miliyari 45 z'amadolari, bitewe n'impamvu zitandukanye.

Umutwaro w'amafaranga ukomoka ku bintu byinshi by'ingenzi bituma habaho ibibazo:

• Amafaranga y'amahirwe aturuka ku kumara igihe kirekire kw'abarwayi bitewe n'indwara zo mu gace k'umurwayi.
• Gufunga ibitanda kubera guhagarara igihe kirekire cyangwa kwigunga bituma amafaranga yinjira abura kuko abarwayi bashya badashobora kwakirwa.

Byongeye kandi, inyungu zishobora guterwa no kurwanya ubwandu zishobora kuva kuri miliyari 5.7 z'amadolari kugeza kuri miliyari 31.5 z'amadolari. Ibi bigaragaza akamaro ko gushora imari mu ngamba zo kwirinda, nko gukoresha amarido yo mu bitaro akoreshwa mu gusana, bishobora gufasha kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura indwara za HAI ndetse bikagabanya ikiguzi.

Ibiranga amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha

Ibisobanuro n'imiterere

Amarido akoreshwa mu gihe gito akoreshwa nk'uburyo bw'agateganyo bwo kwirinda ihohoterwa mu bitaro. Yagenewe gukoreshwa rimwe gusa, kugira ngo abarwayi babe ahantu hasukuye. Ubusanzwe, aya marido agizwe n'ibikoresho bishyira imbere isuku no kuramba. Ibikoresho bisanzwe birimo:

Ibi bikoresho bigira uruhare mu gutuma amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha akoreshwa mu kwirinda ikwirakwira ry'indwara.

Ibyiza Ugereranyije n'amarido asanzwe yo mu bitaro

Amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha ahabwa inyungu nyinshi ugereranyije n'amarido asanzwe yo mu bitaro. Ibyiza by'ingenzi birimo:

• Ikoreshwa rimwe, isukuye kandi ikoreshwa: Buri gitambaro gikoreshwa rimwe hanyuma kikajugunywa, birinda kwirundanya kwa bagiteri n'udukoko.
• Kugabanya ibyago byo kwanduzwa n'abandi: Buri murwayi ahabwa isuzuma rishya ridafite ubwandu, rigabanya kwandura mikorobe.
• Ubworoherane n'imikorere myiza: Nta gusukura gukenewe, bituma hashobora gusimburwa vuba no kubungabunga isuku.
• Uburyo bwo Kugabanya Ikiguzi: Bigabanya ikiguzi gihoraho kijyanye no kumesa no gusana amarido y'imyenda, bigatuma umuntu azigama amafaranga menshi mu gihe kirekire.
• Gukurikiza amabwiriza yo kurwanya ubwandu: Amashuka akoreshwa mu isuku yujuje ibisabwa ku isuku, bifasha mu kubungabunga uburenganzira bw’ibitaro no kwirinda ibihano.

Mu buryo bunyuranye, amarido asanzwe yo mu bitaro ashobora kuba afite udukoko twinshi na virusi, bigasaba impinduka nyinshi. Iri tandukaniro rigaragaza akamaro ko guhitamo uburyo bwo gukoresha mu buryo bworoshye kugira ngo hakorwe neza uburyo bwo kurwanya ubwandu.

Ibyiza byo Kurwanya Ubwandu bw'Amashuka Ashobora Gukoreshwa mu Gukoresha Amashuka

Kugabanya ibyago byo kwanduzwa n'ibindi

Amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo gusana bigira uruhare runini mu kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko umwenda w'ibitaros iri mu bintu bikunze gukorwaho kenshi mu byumba by'abarwayi. Uku guhura kenshi bishobora gutuma bagiteri zangiza ziyongera. Binyuze mu gukoresha imyenda ikoreshwa rimwe gusa, ibitaro bishobora kurandura neza udukoko dushobora kuba turi ku mwenda.

Ingingo zikurikira zigaragaza ibyiza byo kurwanya ubwandu y'amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha:

• Kurandura indwara ziterwa n'udukoko: Buri mwenda ukoreshwa rimwe urasimburwa burundu nyuma yo gukoreshwa, bigabanya cyane amahirwe y'uko udukoko twandura tuba tukiriho ku mwenda.
• Gusimbuza bisanzwe: Ibitaro bigomba gusimbuza amarido akoreshwa rimwe buri mezi 3 kugeza kuri 6, cyangwa kenshi iyo agaragaye ko yanduye. Mu bice bishobora guteza akaga gakomeye, nko mu byumba byita ku barwayi barembye cyane, impinduka nyinshi ni ngombwa kugira ngo ibidukikije bibungabungwe neza.
• Umutekano Ukomeje: Guhinduranya amarido buri gihe bigabanya cyane ibyago byo kwanduzwa n'abandi, bikongera umutekano ku barwayi ndetse n'abakozi.

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko amashuka ya polyethylene akoreshwa rimwe ashobora kugabanya ubwandu ku kigero cya 40%. Iyi mibare igaragaza akamaro k'amashuka akoreshwa rimwe mu kurwanya ubwandu.

Iyubahirizwa ry'amabwiriza agenga ubuzima

Ibitaro bigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza akaze y’ubuzima kugira ngo bibungabunge umutekano w’abarwayi. Amashuka akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha afasha cyane mu kubahiriza aya mahame. Imiterere n’ikoreshwa ryayo bihuye n’amabwiriza agenga kurwanya ubwandu yashyizweho n’inzego zishinzwe kugenzura.

Ingingo z'ingenzi zijyanye no kubahiriza amategeko zirimo:

• Ni byiza cyane mu turere twibasirwa n'impanuka nyinshi: Amashuka akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kubaga ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane mu byumba byita ku barwaye indwara zikomeye, aho ibyago byo kwandura birushaho kwiyongera.
• Kugabanya Ikiguzi cy'Imikorere: Uburyo aya mashuka akoreshwa mu gusohora imyenda bukuraho ikibazo cyo kumesa imyenda, ibyo bigabanya ikiguzi cyo kuyikoresha ndetse n'ibyago byo kwandura bitewe no gufata imyenda yanduye.
• Ukurikije amahame y'isuku: Ibitaro bikoresha amarido akoreshwa rimwe bishobora kuzuza neza amahame y'isuku, bityo birinda ibihano bishobora gutangwa kandi bigakomeza kwemerwa.

Uburyo amarido akoreshwa mu kwiruka ahendutse kandi ahendutse

Ishoramari ry'ibanze ugereranije n'ubwizigame bw'igihe kirekire

Iyo ibitaro bitekereza guhindura amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha, akenshi bipima ishoramari rya mbere ugereranije n'amafaranga ashobora kuzigama mu gihe kirekire. Ikiguzi cya mbere cy'amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha muri rusange kiri hasi ugereranije n'amahitamo gakondo y'imyenda. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira igaragaza uburyo kugereranya ikiguzi:

Mu guhitamo amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha, ibitaro bikuraho ikiguzi gihoraho cyo kubungabunga gifitanye isano no kumesa no gusana. Iri hinduka ntirigabanya gusa amafaranga akoreshwa ako kanya ahubwo rinafasha mu kuzigama amafaranga menshi mu gihe kirekire.

Ibitaro byahinduye imikorere y’ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho ... buryo busanzwe, bitanga inyungu nyinshi mu by’imari. Urugero, bigabanya igihe cyo guhindura imyenda y’amarido kugeza kuri 50%, ibyo bikaba bigabanya ibyago byo gukomereka mu bakozi bakora imyenda y’amarido aremereye. Byongeye kandi, gukuraho ikiguzi cyo kumesa imyenda n’ikiguzi cy’abakozi bituma habaho kuzigama amafaranga menshi uko igihe kigenda gihita. Amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho ashobora kumara imyaka ibiri, bigatuma habaho kugabanya inshuro z’impinduka n’amafaranga ajyana nayo. Mu buryo bunyuranye, amarido asanzwe yo mu buryo bw’ibitaro asanzwe akenera impinduka enye mu mwaka, gahunda igorana kubungabungwa n’ibigo byinshi bitewe n’ubushobozi bw’abakozi n’ingengo y’imari.

Gutegura Ingengo y'Imari y'Ibisubizo Bishobora Gukoreshwa mu Kuziba Icyuho

Guteganya ingengo y'imari y'amarido akoreshwa rimwe bikubiyemo gusobanukirwa ikiguzi cya mbere n'ingaruka z'igihe kirekire ku bijyanye n'imari. Ibitaro bigomba kuzirikana ibintu bikurikira mu gihe bitegura ingengo y'imari yabyo:

• Amafaranga yo kugura mbere: Teganya amafaranga yo kugura amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha. Iki giciro gisanzwe kiri hasi ugereranyije n'amarido y'imyenda.
• Inshuro zo gusimbuza: Teganya uburyo bwo gusimbuza buri gihe. Ibitaro bigomba gusimbuza amarido buri mezi 3 kugeza kuri 6, bitewe n'uko akoreshwa n'ibidukikije.
• Kuzigama kw'abakozi: Kugabanya ikiguzi cy'abakozi gifitanye isano no kumesa no kubungabunga amarido y'imyenda. Ibi bishobora gutuma habaho ibikoresho bikenerwa mu bindi bice by'ingenzi mu bitaro.
• Ibiciro byo kubahiriza amategeko: Tekereza ku kuzigama bishobora kubaho mu kwirinda ibihano bijyanye no kutubahiriza amabwiriza y'ubuzima. Amashuka akoreshwa mu kujugunyamo imyenda afasha mu kubungabunga amahame y'isuku yo hejuru, bigabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara za HAI.

Mu gusesengura neza ibi bintu, ibitaro bishobora gushyiraho ingengo y'imari igaragaza uburyo amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha akoreshwa mu gihe bireba umutekano w'abarwayi no kubahiriza amabwiriza y'ubuzima.

Amahitamo yo gushyiraho no guhindura

Uburyo bworoshye bwo gushyiraho

Gushyira amarido akoreshwa mu mavuriro ni inzira yoroshye kandi igabanya imvururu. Sisitemu ya Quick Release ifite uburenganzira bwo guhindura amarido byihuse, ikerekana ko ikora neza. Intambwe zo gushyiraho zirimo:

Guhindura ujya kuri amarido akoreshwa rimwe Bigabanya igihe cy'ibitaro n'amafaranga y'abakozi binyuze mu gushyiraho vuba no kugabanya isuku. Igihe cyo guhererekanya amarido kiragabanuka kuva ku minota 45 kuri buri cyumba kikagera ku minota iri munsi ya 2, bigatuma hatabaho gukenera urwego cyangwa ibikoresho byihariye.

Gutunganya ibikenewe mu bitaro

Amahitamo yo guhindura ibintu Ku bijyanye n'amarido akoreshwa rimwe na rimwe, ibitaro bishobora kuzuza ibisabwa byihariye. Ibigo bishobora guhitamo imiterere n'amabara arenga 40 atandukanye, bigatuma amarido ahura n'ibyo akeneye mu bwiza no mu mikorere.

Izindi ngingo zirimo imyenda ibonerana ifite ubushobozi bwo kugenzura abarwayi mu gihe ibungabunga ubuzima bwabo. Ibitaro bishobora kandi guhitamo imyenda irimo umuringa ikuraho 99.9% bya Staphylococcus aureus mu minota 30. Ubu buryo bwo guhindura imiterere y'umubiri butuma habaho umutekano n'imikorere myiza, bigatuma ibitaro bishobora gukemura neza ibyo bakeneye.

Amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo gusana arushaho kwimakaza umutekano kandi agagabanya ikiguzi mu bitaro. Abayobozi b'ibitaro bemera ibyiza by'isuku, ibyo bikaba byoroshya imirimo kandi bikagabanya igihe cyo gusukura. Impuguke mu kurwanya ubwandu zitanga inama ku bijyanye n'aya marido kugira ngo yorohereze, kubahiriza amabwiriza, no kugira ngo abungabunge ibidukikije bidafite umwanda. Ibitaro bigomba gusuzuma iyi mpinduka kugira ngo birusheho gutanga umusaruro mwiza ku barwayi.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha akorwa n'iki?

Amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyajugunya ubusanzwe igizwe n'imyenda ya polypropylene cyangwa polyester idaboshye, yagenewe gukoreshwa rimwe gusa kandi ikagira isuku nziza.

Ni kangahe ibitaro bigomba gusimbuza amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha?

Ibitaro bigomba gusimbuza amarido buri mezi 3 kugeza kuri 6, cyangwa kenshi mu bice bishobora guteza akaga nko mu byumba byita ku barembye cyane.

Ese amarido akoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha ahendutse?

Yego, amarido akoreshwa mu gusana agabanya ikiguzi cyo kuyasana kandi agatanga amafaranga menshi yo kuzigama igihe kirekire ugereranije n'amarido asanzwe y'imyenda.

Ikirego

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